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Principle: It’s not an accelerator per se, but a type of synchrotron design to keep a high-energy particle beam circulating. Usage: Maintains high-energy beams for collision with other beams or fixed targets, used in high-energy physics experiments.

Principle: Particles are accelerated in a spiral path using a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of particle trajectory. Usage: Producing radioactive isotopes for medical and industrial applications.

Principle: Accelerates charged particles using oscillating electric fields in a linear tube. Usage: Common in medicine for radiation therapy and used for physics research.

Principle: Uses both electric and magnetic fields; magnetic field strength is increased with time to maintain the circular path as particles gain energy. Usage: High-energy physics experiments and synchrotron light sources for research.