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The infrared (IR) spectrum is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves. It typically ranges from 0.7 to 1000 micrometers. Example Application: Thermal cameras for night vision use the IR spectrum to detect heat.

Blackbody radiation refers to the idealized, perfect emission and absorption of electromagnetic radiation by an object, with a spectral distribution determined by its temperature. Example Application: Calibrating IR sensors by using objects that approximate blackbody emitters.

A wavefront sensor measures the aberrations in a wavefront of light and is crucial for correcting distortions in infrared optics. Example Application: Adaptive optics systems in telescopes to compensate for atmospheric distortions.

A quantum cascade laser is a type of semiconductor laser designed to emit light in the mid- to far-infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum. Example Application: Gas sensing and spectroscopy to detect chemical compounds.

Thermal imaging uses infrared radiation to create images representing temperature variations of an object or scene. Example Application: Inspecting electrical systems for overheating components without contact.

A dichroic filter is a very accurate color filter that reflects certain wavelengths and transmits others, commonly used in fluorescence microscopy. Example Application: Infrared astronomy for isolating specific bands of the IR spectrum.

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a technique used for obtaining the infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid or gas. Example Application: Identifying unknown materials by their molecular fingerprint.

A microbolometer is a specific type of sensor used in thermal cameras to detect infrared radiation. The sensor measures changes in resistance due to temperature changes. Example Application: Used in firefighting to see through smoke and pinpoint hotspots.

An infrared photodetector is a device that responds to infrared radiation by generating an electrical signal. Example Application: Part of a security system to detect movement based on IR radiation from a human body.

Long-wave infrared (LWIR) refers to the portion of the infrared spectrum with wavelengths between 8 and 15 micrometers. Example Application: Earth observation satellites use LWIR cameras for environmental monitoring.

Infrared thermography is the process of using a thermal imager to detect infrared radiation from an object, producing a thermogram that details temperature distribution. Example Application: Used in building construction to reveal heat leaks.