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Optical Fibers

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Fiber Bragg Grating

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A periodic variation in the refractive index of the fiber's core, which reflects specific wavelengths of light, thus acting as a filter or sensor.

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Graded-Index Fiber

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A type of multimode fiber where the refractive index of the core gradually decreases with radial distance from the fiber's axis, reducing modal dispersion.

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Modal Dispersion

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Type of dispersion that arises from the different propagation paths (modes) that light rays can travel within the fiber, causing pulse broadening.

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Step-Index Fiber

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A fiber with a central core and a cladding that have a sudden change in the refractive index, which supports multiple propagation modes.

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Bandwidth

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The data transmission rate of the fiber, which is the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period.

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Chromatic Dispersion

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Type of dispersion where different wavelengths of light travel at different speeds in the fiber, leading to signal broadening.

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Total Internal Reflection

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An optical phenomenon that keeps light confined within the optical fiber by reflecting it back into the medium when it hits the boundary at a shallow angle.

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Numerical Aperture

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A dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the fiber can accept light.

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Multimode Fibers

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These fibers have larger core diameters that support many modes of light propagation, but are more susceptible to modal dispersion.

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Polarization Mode Dispersion

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A form of dispersion that results from the asymmetry and imperfections in the fiber that cause different polarization states of light to travel at different speeds.

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Bend Loss

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The loss of signal strength when an optical fiber is bent beyond its minimum bend radius, causing some of the light to escape from the core.

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Attenuation

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Reduction in power of the light signal as it travels through the fiber, due to absorption, scattering, and other losses.

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Dispersion

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The spreading of the light pulse over time due to the different speeds of light rays, leading to signal degradation.

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Single-Mode Fibers

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These fibers have very small core diameters that allow only one propagation mode of light, thus reducing dispersion.

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Core and Cladding

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The two concentric layers of the optical fiber, with the core carrying the light and the cladding providing a lower refractive index.

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