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Optical Fibers
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Fiber Bragg Grating
A periodic variation in the refractive index of the fiber's core, which reflects specific wavelengths of light, thus acting as a filter or sensor.
Graded-Index Fiber
A type of multimode fiber where the refractive index of the core gradually decreases with radial distance from the fiber's axis, reducing modal dispersion.
Modal Dispersion
Type of dispersion that arises from the different propagation paths (modes) that light rays can travel within the fiber, causing pulse broadening.
Step-Index Fiber
A fiber with a central core and a cladding that have a sudden change in the refractive index, which supports multiple propagation modes.
Bandwidth
The data transmission rate of the fiber, which is the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period.
Chromatic Dispersion
Type of dispersion where different wavelengths of light travel at different speeds in the fiber, leading to signal broadening.
Total Internal Reflection
An optical phenomenon that keeps light confined within the optical fiber by reflecting it back into the medium when it hits the boundary at a shallow angle.
Numerical Aperture
A dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the fiber can accept light.
Multimode Fibers
These fibers have larger core diameters that support many modes of light propagation, but are more susceptible to modal dispersion.
Polarization Mode Dispersion
A form of dispersion that results from the asymmetry and imperfections in the fiber that cause different polarization states of light to travel at different speeds.
Bend Loss
The loss of signal strength when an optical fiber is bent beyond its minimum bend radius, causing some of the light to escape from the core.
Attenuation
Reduction in power of the light signal as it travels through the fiber, due to absorption, scattering, and other losses.
Dispersion
The spreading of the light pulse over time due to the different speeds of light rays, leading to signal degradation.
Single-Mode Fibers
These fibers have very small core diameters that allow only one propagation mode of light, thus reducing dispersion.
Core and Cladding
The two concentric layers of the optical fiber, with the core carrying the light and the cladding providing a lower refractive index.
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