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An optical technique for determining the thickness and optical properties of thin films. Ellipsometry measures the change in polarization as light reflects or transmits, and UV ellipsometers can be used for thin film characterization in semiconductor industry.

The absorption of UV radiation, particularly UVC and UVB, by ozone molecules present in the Earth's atmosphere. This absorption is crucial for life on Earth, as it prevents the most harmful wavelengths of UV light from reaching the surface.

The process by which ultraviolet light passes through a material. Materials like quartz and certain types of glass have high UV transmission, allowing them to be used in lenses and windows for UV applications like UV spectroscopy.

The measure of how much ultraviolet light is reflected by a surface. Materials with high UV reflectivity, like aluminum, are often used in telescopes and other optical devices to reflect UV radiation effectively.

The emission of light by a substance that has absorbed UV or visible light. The emitted light usually has a longer wavelength than the absorbed radiation. Fluorescence is used in applications ranging from bioimaging to counterfeit detection.

Categories of ultraviolet light differentiated by their wavelength ranges: UVA (315-400 nm), UVB (280-315 nm), and UVC (100-280 nm). Each has different applications; for example, UVC is often used in germicidal lamps for disinfection.

A form of ultraviolet laser which is commonly used in eye surgery, semiconductor manufacturing, and micromachining. It operates by producing a short-wavelength UV light, typically from a noble gas halide.

Energy carried by a photon, calculated by the equation $E = h \nu$, where $h$ is Planck's constant and $\nu$ is the frequency of the photon. UV photons have higher energy than visible light, making them useful for applications like sterilization.

A filter that allows light of certain wavelengths to pass while blocking others. In ultraviolet optics, a UV bandpass filter can be used to selectively transmit UV wavelengths while blocking visible and infrared light, commonly used in fluorescence microscopy.

A light source that emits a continuous spectrum of UV light, typically between 160 to 400 nm. Deuterium lamps are often used as stable UV light sources in spectrophotometers for analytical and research purposes.

The degradation of optical materials and coatings due to prolonged exposure to UV light. This effect can reduce the transmittance and alter the performance of lenses in UV optics, affecting instruments exposed to sunlight or other intense UV sources.