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Philosophy of History

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Feminist Historiography

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An approach that reexamines history from a female perspective and questions the historical omission of women.

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Critical Theory

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A philosophical approach to culture, literature, and art that seeks to confront the social, historical, and ideological forces and structures that produce and constrain it.

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Teleology

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An explanation that accounts for events in terms of their purpose or direction towards an ultimate goal.

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Narrativism

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The theory that emphasizes the narrative nature of human knowledge, especially historical writing.

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Intellectual History

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The study of ideas in context and how they have shaped or been shaped by their historical setting.

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Postmodernism

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A late-20th-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason; and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power.

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New History

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A movement in historical writing and thought that began around the First World War to consider a broader range of factors in the understanding of the past.

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Microhistory

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A branch of history focusing on small units of research, such as an event, community, individual, or a settlement.

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Positivism

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A philosophical theory stating that certain knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations as verified by empirical sciences.

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Cultural History

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A branch of history that deals with the study of cultural traditions and the interpretation of cultural symbols over time.

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Psychohistory

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A genre of historical writing that uses psychological theory to understand the motivations behind historical events.

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Marxism

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A method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development.

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Annales School

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A style of historiography developed by French historians that stresses long-term social history.

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Global History

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A field of history that examines historical processes beyond national boundaries.

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Comparative History

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The comparison of different societies which existed during the same time period or shared similar cultural conditions.

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Quantitative History

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The use of statistical and mathematical techniques in history for analyzing vast amounts of historical data.

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Structuralism

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An approach that analyzes social structures using the methodologies of anthropology and linguistics.

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Ethnohistory

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The study of cultures and indigenous peoples and their relationships with historical states or European colonial powers.

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Environmental History

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The study of the interaction between humans and the natural world over time.

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Historicism

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Approaches that emphasize the historical context and development of thought.

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Speculative Philosophy of History

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An approach that attempts to find a meaningful pattern, purpose, or direction in history.

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Rankean Historiography

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An approach that emphasizes empirical evidence and primary sources, often associated with Leopold von Ranke.

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