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American Constitutional Amendments
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Amendment I
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
Amendment II
Right to bear arms.
Amendment III
No quartering of soldiers.
Amendment IV
Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.
Amendment V
Due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, eminent domain.
Amendment VI
Right to a fair trial, including speedy trial, public trial, impartial jury, notice of accusation, confront witnesses, compulsory process, and right to counsel.
Amendment VII
Right to a jury trial in civil cases.
Amendment VIII
Protection against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
Amendment IX
Rights retained by the people, even if they are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.
Amendment X
Powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people.
Amendment XI
Judicial limits. States cannot be sued by out-of-state citizens or foreigners not living within the state borders; lays the foundation for sovereign immunity.
Amendment XII
Modifies and clarifies the procedure for electing vice-presidents and presidents.
Amendment XIII
Abolishes slavery, and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
Amendment XIV
Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post-Civil War issues.
Amendment XV
Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Amendment XVI
Allows the federal government to collect income tax.
Amendment XVII
Established the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.
Amendment XVIII
Prohibited the manufacturing or sale of alcohol within the United States (Prohibition).
Amendment XIX
Gives women the right to vote.
Amendment XX
Changes the dates of congressional and presidential terms, known as the 'Lame Duck Amendment.'
Amendment XXI
Repeals the 18th Amendment and makes it legal to manufacture and sell alcohol in the United States.
Amendment XXII
Limits the president to two terms or a maximum of ten years in office.
Amendment XXIII
Grants the District of Columbia electors in the Electoral College.
Amendment XXIV
Abolishes the poll tax in federal elections.
Amendment XXV
Addresses presidential succession, vacancy in the vice presidency, presidential inability, and procedures for a president to declare an inability to discharge their duties.
Amendment XXVI
Sets the voting age at 18 years old.
Amendment XXVII
Prevents laws affecting congressional salary from taking effect until the beginning of the next session of Congress.
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