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Political Science Theories

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Public Choice Theory

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James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock. Description: Applies economic principles to the study of political processes and behavior.

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Modernization Theory

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Walt Rostow and others. Description: Portrays the process of social change whereby developing countries move from traditional to modern societies.

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Pluralism

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Robert Dahl and others. Description: Suggests power is distributed among various groups in society, and that these groups compete for influence over public policy.

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Structural Functionalism

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Talcott Parsons and others. Description: Argues that society is a complex system with various parts that work together to promote solidarity and stability.

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Realism

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Hans Morgenthau and others. Description: A view of international politics that stresses its competitive and conflictual side.

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Elitism

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Vilfredo Pareto and others. Description: Claims that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policy-planning networks, holds the most power.

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Feminism

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Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Simone de Beauvoir, and others. Description: Explores the role gender plays in international politics and criticizes the traditionally male-dominated field.

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Behavioralism

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David Easton and others. Description: Focuses on the empirical and objective study of political behavior, often using statistical analysis.

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Marxism

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Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Description: Analyzes political and economic conflicts resulting from the capitalist system, particularly class struggle and imperialism.

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Rational Choice Theory

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Anthony Downs. Description: Assesses how individuals make political decisions based on maximizing their own benefits.

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Liberalism

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John Locke and others. Description: Emphasizes the role of individuals, norms, and institutions to achieve cooperation and peace in international relations.

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Environmental Determinism

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Ellsworth Huntington and others. Description: Suggests that physical geography, particularly climate, shapes human behavior and culture, thus affecting societal development.

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Constructivism

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Alexander Wendt and others. Description: Asserts that international relations are socially constructed through communication, social norms, and collective identities.

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Game Theory

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John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. Description: Uses mathematical models to study strategic decision making in situations of interdependence and competition.

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Dependency Theory

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Andre Gunder Frank and others. Description: Challenges the notion of modernization theory by arguing that underdevelopment is primarily caused by the peripheral position of poor countries in a world dominated by wealthier countries.

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