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Important Political Philosophers

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Plato

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Plato advocated for a philosopher-king and a stratified society. He is the author of 'The Republic' and developed the theory of forms.

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Baron de Montesquieu

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Montesquieu advocated for the separation of powers in his work 'The Spirit of the Laws'. This greatly influenced the development of modern governments.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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Rousseau believed in the general will and direct democracy. His works include 'The Social Contract' and 'Discourse on Inequality'.

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Michel Foucault

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Foucault's ideas focused on power relationships and social institutions. His influential works include 'Discipline and Punish' and 'The History of Sexuality'.

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Hannah Arendt

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Arendt explored the nature of power and totalitarianism. Her important works include 'The Human Condition' and 'Eichmann in Jerusalem'.

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Aristotle

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Aristotle emphasized a mixed government and natural law. His political work is documented in 'Politics' and he tutored Alexander the Great.

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Friedrich Nietzsche

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Nietzsche criticized traditional moral values and democracy. His ideas on will to power and the Ubermensch are discussed in 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra'.

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Thomas Paine

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Paine was a proponent of popular sovereignty and an early advocate of democracy. He is known for 'Common Sense' and 'The Rights of Man'.

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Karl Marx

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Marx is known for his critical analysis of capitalism and his theory of historical materialism outlined in 'The Communist Manifesto' and 'Das Kapital'.

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Thomas Hobbes

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Hobbes believed in absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings ('Leviathan').

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Niccolò Machiavelli

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Machiavelli is known for his pragmatic approach to power, detailed in 'The Prince'. He argued for the effectiveness of fear over love.

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John Locke

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Locke's political thought emphasized natural rights and the social contract ('Two Treatises of Government'). He is often called the Father of Liberalism.

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Simone de Beauvoir

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De Beauvoir's political philosophy tackled feminist existentialism and ethics of ambiguity, primarily in her work 'The Second Sex'.

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John Stuart Mill

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Mill was a proponent of utilitarianism and liberty. His significant works include 'On Liberty' and 'Utilitarianism'.

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John Rawls

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Rawls is known for his theory of justice as fairness and the original position, as detailed in 'A Theory of Justice'.

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