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United States Presidents
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James Madison
1809-1817, 'Father of the Constitution', President during the War of 1812.
Andrew Johnson
1865-1869, First U.S. President to be impeached, opposed Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies.
Benjamin Harrison
1889-1893, Sherman Antitrust Act and McKinley Tariff, Benjamin Harrison was known as the 'centennial president.'
Herbert Hoover
1929-1933, Presidency marred by the onset of the Great Depression, signed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff.
George Washington
1789-1797, Established many federal government precedents, including the cabinet system and the inaugural address.
James Monroe
1817-1825, Monroe Doctrine declared opposition to European colonization in the Americas, Era of Good Feelings.
Martin Van Buren
1837-1841, The Panic of 1837 economic crisis occurred during his term, advocated for the Trail of Tears.
John Tyler
1841-1845, First vice president to assume presidency after the death of his predecessor, annexation of Texas.
James K. Polk
1845-1849, Known for territorial expansion of the United States, Mexican-American War.
Warren G. Harding
1921-1923, Harding's term saw the Teapot Dome scandal, often ranked as one of the worst presidents.
Calvin Coolidge
1923-1929, Known for his laissez-faire approach to the economy, presided over the Roaring Twenties.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
1953-1961, Supreme Allied Commander during WWII, initiated the Interstate Highway System.
Richard Nixon
1969-1974, First U.S. president to resign from office, opened diplomatic relations with China.
Gerald Ford
1974-1977, Healed the nation post-Watergate, granted Nixon a presidential pardon.
George W. Bush
2001-2009, President during the September 11 attacks, led the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Ulysses S. Grant
1869-1877, Commanding general during the Civil War, Enforcement Acts to combat the Ku Klux Klan.
William McKinley
1897-1901, President during the Spanish-American War, supported high protective tariffs.
Harry S. Truman
1945-1953, Authorized the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, initiated the Marshall Plan.
James Buchanan
1857-1861, President prior to the Civil War, Dred Scott decision occurred during his tenure.
Grover Cleveland
1885-1889, 1893-1897, Only president to serve two non-consecutive terms, Statue of Liberty dedication.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1933-1945, Led the nation through the Great Depression and World War II, introduced the New Deal.
George H. W. Bush
1989-1993, Led the nation during the Gulf War, signed the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Bill Clinton
1993-2001, Presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion, was impeached during his second term.
Zachary Taylor
1849-1850, General in the Mexican-American War, died relatively early in his term.
Ronald Reagan
1981-1989, Reaganomics, End of the Cold War, survived an assassination attempt.
John Adams
1797-1801, First President to reside in the executive mansion, known for the Alien and Sedition Acts.
Joe Biden
2021-present,
Barack Obama
2009-2017, First African American president, Affordable Care Act, repealed 'Don't ask, don't tell'.
Rutherford B. Hayes
1877-1881, Ended the Reconstruction era through the Compromise of 1877, initiated civil service reform.
James A. Garfield
1881, Assassinated after only 200 days in office, advocated for civil service reform.
Chester A. Arthur
1881-1885, Enacted the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, revised the U.S. Navy.
Lyndon B. Johnson
1963-1969, Great Society legislation, Civil Rights Act of 1964, and escalated the Vietnam War.
Donald Trump
2017-2021, Impeached twice, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, First president to meet with a North Korean leader.
Andrew Jackson
1829-1837, Implemented the Indian Removal Act, Founder of the modern Democratic Party.
Abraham Lincoln
1861-1865, Led the United States through its Civil War, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address.
Jimmy Carter
1977-1981, Brokered the Camp David Accords, created the Department of Energy and Education.
William Howard Taft
1909-1913, Focused on trust-busting and civil service reform, later became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
Millard Fillmore
1850-1853, Last Whig president, Compromise of 1850, including the Fugitive Slave Act.
Franklin Pierce
1853-1857, Signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, enforced the Fugitive Slave Act.
John F. Kennedy
1961-1963, President during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Bay of Pigs Invasion, initiated the Space Race.
William Henry Harrison
1841, First president to die in office, delivering the longest inaugural address in American history.
Theodore Roosevelt
1901-1909, Established national parks and the FDA, Panama Canal construction began during his term.
Thomas Jefferson
1801-1809, Principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Louisiana Purchase (1803).
John Quincy Adams
1825-1829, Notable for his post-presidency career in Congress, formulated the Monroe Doctrine as Secretary of State.
Woodrow Wilson
1913-1921, Led the nation through World War I, established the Federal Reserve and Federal Trade Commission.
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