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Slums and Informal Settlements

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Inadequate Emergency Services

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Slums typically have limited access to emergency services, which can result in delayed response to fires, medical emergencies, or natural disasters.

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Overcrowding

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Overcrowding refers to a high population density causing living conditions where multiple families may live in a single small dwelling, leading to health problems and lack of privacy.

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High Unemployment Rates

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Unemployment is typically higher in slums than in other urban areas, contributing to poverty and social instability.

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Poor Sanitation

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Sanitation in slums is usually inadequate, with shared or non-existent toilet facilities and open sewers, contributing to disease and pollution.

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Poor Air Quality and Pollution

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Slums often suffer from poor air quality due to proximity to industrial areas, traffic, and the use of solid fuels for cooking and heating, leading to respiratory problems.

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Informal Leadership

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The lack of formal governance structures often leads to the rise of informal leaders or groups who may exert influence, not always positively, over community affairs.

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Limited Access to Education

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Children living in informal settlements often have limited access to education due to distance, cost, or the need to work, perpetuating the cycle of poverty.

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High Disease Burden

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The concentration of people, poor sanitation, and limited healthcare contribute to a high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases.

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Lack of Privacy

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The physical proximity of living spaces in slums often leads to a lack of privacy, contributing to stress and interpersonal conflicts.

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Social Segregation

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Residents of informal settlements are often stigmatized and isolated from the rest of the urban population, leading to social exclusion and discrimination.

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Child Labor

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Due to economic strain, children in slums may be compelled to work instead of attending school, depriving them of education and exposing them to exploitation.

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Unstable Tenure

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Informal settlement dwellers often have no legal claim on the land they occupy, leading to a constant threat of eviction and a lack of investment in their homes.

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Food Insecurity

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Inhabitants often experience food insecurity due to unstable income and limited access to nutritious food, which affects their health and well-being.

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Informal Economy

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The economy within slums is largely informal, with residents working in unregulated jobs that are low-paying and lack labor protections.

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Limited Access to Healthcare

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Access to healthcare is often scarce in slums, leading to untreated illnesses and increased mortality rates.

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Environmental Hazards

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Slums are often located on land vulnerable to environmental hazards such as floods, landslides, or pollution, which can result in destruction and displacement.

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Lack of Infrastructure

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Slums often lack basic infrastructure such as roads, sewage systems, and electricity, making daily life difficult and dangerous for residents.

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Lack of Access to Clean Water

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Residents often lack reliable access to clean water, leading to dehydration and waterborne diseases.

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Crime and Violence

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Higher instances of crime and violence are often prevalent in slum areas due to poverty, unemployment, and limited police presence.

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Inadequate Housing

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Inhabitants of slums typically live in structures that don't meet basic building standards, often lacking durability and resistance to environmental stresses.

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