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Slums and Informal Settlements
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Inadequate Emergency Services
Slums typically have limited access to emergency services, which can result in delayed response to fires, medical emergencies, or natural disasters.
Overcrowding
Overcrowding refers to a high population density causing living conditions where multiple families may live in a single small dwelling, leading to health problems and lack of privacy.
High Unemployment Rates
Unemployment is typically higher in slums than in other urban areas, contributing to poverty and social instability.
Poor Sanitation
Sanitation in slums is usually inadequate, with shared or non-existent toilet facilities and open sewers, contributing to disease and pollution.
Poor Air Quality and Pollution
Slums often suffer from poor air quality due to proximity to industrial areas, traffic, and the use of solid fuels for cooking and heating, leading to respiratory problems.
Informal Leadership
The lack of formal governance structures often leads to the rise of informal leaders or groups who may exert influence, not always positively, over community affairs.
Limited Access to Education
Children living in informal settlements often have limited access to education due to distance, cost, or the need to work, perpetuating the cycle of poverty.
High Disease Burden
The concentration of people, poor sanitation, and limited healthcare contribute to a high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Lack of Privacy
The physical proximity of living spaces in slums often leads to a lack of privacy, contributing to stress and interpersonal conflicts.
Social Segregation
Residents of informal settlements are often stigmatized and isolated from the rest of the urban population, leading to social exclusion and discrimination.
Child Labor
Due to economic strain, children in slums may be compelled to work instead of attending school, depriving them of education and exposing them to exploitation.
Unstable Tenure
Informal settlement dwellers often have no legal claim on the land they occupy, leading to a constant threat of eviction and a lack of investment in their homes.
Food Insecurity
Inhabitants often experience food insecurity due to unstable income and limited access to nutritious food, which affects their health and well-being.
Informal Economy
The economy within slums is largely informal, with residents working in unregulated jobs that are low-paying and lack labor protections.
Limited Access to Healthcare
Access to healthcare is often scarce in slums, leading to untreated illnesses and increased mortality rates.
Environmental Hazards
Slums are often located on land vulnerable to environmental hazards such as floods, landslides, or pollution, which can result in destruction and displacement.
Lack of Infrastructure
Slums often lack basic infrastructure such as roads, sewage systems, and electricity, making daily life difficult and dangerous for residents.
Lack of Access to Clean Water
Residents often lack reliable access to clean water, leading to dehydration and waterborne diseases.
Crime and Violence
Higher instances of crime and violence are often prevalent in slum areas due to poverty, unemployment, and limited police presence.
Inadequate Housing
Inhabitants of slums typically live in structures that don't meet basic building standards, often lacking durability and resistance to environmental stresses.
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