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Developed by Ernest Burgess, this model suggests that urban land use is organized in concentric circles emanating from the city center. The zones range from business districts to commuter zones.

Harris and Ullman's theory that a city contains more than one center around which activities revolve. These nodes become specialized and differentiated, not simply located in the central business district.

Developed by Sir Ebenezer Howard, it combines the advantages of the city and the countryside while mitigating their disadvantages. The concept includes self-contained communities surrounded by green belts.

An integration of sustainable design with urban planning, it aims to create places that are environmentally responsible, socially equitable, and economically viable. It promotes renewable energy use and less resource consumption.

A model proposed by Oscar Newman that focuses on crime prevention through urban design. The theory emphasizes the importance of territoriality, surveillance, and community.

An urban planning theory that focuses on sustainable development, including protection of natural areas, creation of a variety of transportation options, and development of compact, walkable urban centers.

The study of the form of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. It considers the physical layout and structure of cities.

A planning approach that emphasizes the involvement of stakeholders at all levels in the decision-making process. It is grounded in communicative action and consensus building.

A movement that promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods with a wide range of housing and job types. It encourages a return to traditional community-oriented city planning.

A concept by Le Corbusier focused on high-density living in urban areas, characterized by skyscrapers surrounded by open green space. It emphasizes functionality and planned urban structure.

A type of urban development that maximizes the amount of residential, business, and leisure space within walking distance of public transport. It promotes a reduced reliance on automobiles.

Homer Hoyt's theory that cities develop in wedge-shaped sectors rather than rings. As a city grows, activities expand outward in a wedge from the center.

A planning and zoning concept where a tract of land is developed at a higher density than normally permitted, with buildings clustered to allow for more open space, recreational areas, and varied building types.

An architectural and urban planning philosophy that considers the design of new buildings in relation to the fabric and historical context of the city.