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Basic Principles of Animal Nutrition

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Vitamins

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Function: Immune function, reproduction, and metabolic processes. Sources: Varies per vitamin, but includes forages, grains, and supplements.

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Minerals

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Function: Bone formation, blood clotting, enzyme function. Sources: Mineral blocks, supplements, and forages.

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Water

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Function: Essential for life, central for metabolism and thermoregulation. Sources: Drinking water and moisture in feeds.

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Carbohydrates

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Function: Primary energy source. Sources: Grains, forages, and silages.

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Fatty Acids

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Function: Sources of energy, components of cell membranes. Sources: Animal fats, plant oils, seeds.

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Trace Elements

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Function: Essential for metabolic functions, often as part of enzymes. Sources: Trace mineral supplements, natural presence in forages and grains.

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Proteins

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Function: Growth, repair of body tissues, and immune function. Sources: Legumes, soybean meal, and fish meal.

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Amino Acids

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Function: Building blocks of proteins, vital for growth and repair. Sources: Animal and plant proteins, lysine and methionine supplements.

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Enzymes

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Function: Catalysts for biochemical reactions, important for digestion. Sources: Naturally present in animals and supplied exogenously in some feeds.

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Fats

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Function: Dense energy source, carries fat-soluble vitamins. Sources: Oilseeds, animal fats, and vegetable oils.

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