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Biological Pest Management Agents

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Muscodor albus

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Pests Controlled: Variety of fungal pathogens and some insects. Method of Application: Application of Muscodor albus-infused substrates or fumigation of crops.

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Trichoderma spp.

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Pests Controlled: Fungal pathogens, including root rots and wilts. Method of Application: Soil amendment with Trichoderma-enriched products.

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

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Pests Controlled: Caterpillars, Beetles, Mosquito larvae. Method of Application: Foliar spray using Bt-toxin producing spore-crystal complexes.

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Bradysia spp.

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Pests Controlled: A biological control agent for Fungus gnats. Method of Application: Deployment of predatory mites or nematodes that target Bradysia larvae.

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Phlebiopsis gigantea

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Pests Controlled: Root and butt rot caused by Heterobasidion spp. Method of Application: Stump treatment with spores of Phlebiopsis gigantea.

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Coniothyrium minitans

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Pests Controlled: Sclerotinia spp. causing white mold. Method of Application: Soil application or foliar spray with Coniothyrium minitans spores.

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Photorhabdus luminescens

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Pests Controlled: Various soil-dwelling insect larvae. Method of Application: Inoculation of soil or plants with symbiotic nematodes Heterorhabditidae, which carry the bacteria.

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Pseudomonas fluorescens

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Pests Controlled: Fungal pathogens like Pythium, Fusarium. Method of Application: Soil amendment with cultures or products containing Pseudomonas fluorescens.

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Steinernema feltiae

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Pests Controlled: Fungus gnats, Thrips, Caterpillars. Method of Application: Soil application of nematodes in the infectious juvenile stage.

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Azotobacter chroococcum

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Pests Controlled: Not directly a pest control, promotes plant growth. Method of Application: Seed inoculation or soil amendment with Azotobacter products.

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Methyl anthranilate

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Pests Controlled: Bird pests. Method of Application: Treated bait or repellent sprays containing methyl anthranilate.

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Bacillus subtilis

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Pests Controlled: Plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Method of Application: Foliar spray or soil amendment with Bacillus subtilis products.

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Lecanicillium lecanii

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Pests Controlled: Whiteflies, Aphids, Scale insects. Method of Application: Foliar spray with Lecanicillium lecanii spores.

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Glomus intraradices

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Pests Controlled: Not directly pest control, but improves plant resistance to pests. Method of Application: Soil amendment with mycorrhizal fungi such as Glomus intraradices.

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Capsicum oleoresin

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Pests Controlled: Mammalian pests and some insect pests. Method of Application: Treated bait or foliar spray with capsicum-based products.

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Streptomyces lydicus

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Pests Controlled: Fungi and root pathogens. Method of Application: Soil application of Streptomyces lydicus products.

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Paecilomyces lilacinus

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Pests Controlled: Nematodes. Method of Application: Soil amendment with Paecilomyces lilacinus products.

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Clonostachys rosea

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Pests Controlled: Fungal pathogens like Botrytis, Penicillium. Method of Application: Foliar spray or soil amendment with Clonostachys rosea spores.

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Melia azedarach

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Pests Controlled: Various insect pests. Method of Application: Extracts from the tree are used as a foliar spray or soil amendment.

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Pythium oligandrum

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Pests Controlled: Damping-off caused by Pythium spp. and other pathogens. Method of Application: Soil drench with Pythium oligandrum conidia.

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Beauveria bassiana

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Pests Controlled: Whiteflies, Thrips, Aphids. Method of Application: Foliar spray with Beauveria bassiana spores.

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Metarhizium anisopliae

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Pests Controlled: Termites, Ticks, Many soil pests. Method of Application: Soil application or seed treatment with Metarhizium spores.

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Pyrethrins

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Pests Controlled: A wide range of insects including moths, aphids, and beetles. Method of Application: Foliar spray with pyrethrin-based insecticides.

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Neem Oil

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Pests Controlled: Aphids, Mites, Whiteflies. Method of Application: Foliar or soil application of neem oil products.

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Spinosad

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Pests Controlled: Caterpillars, Thrips, Beetles. Method of Application: Foliar spray with spinosad-containing products.

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Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

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Pests Controlled: Gruel worms, Weevils, Beetles. Method of Application: Soil application of nematodes within infectious juvenile stage.

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Mycorrhizae

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Pests Controlled: Not directly pest control, enhances plant growth. Method of Application: Root dip or soil amendment with mycorrhizal inoculants.

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Pasteuria nishizawae

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Pests Controlled: Soybean cyst nematode. Method of Application: Soil application of Pasteuria nishizawae spores with infected host nematodes.

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Verticillium lecanii

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Pests Controlled: Aphids, Mealybugs, Scales. Method of Application: Foliar spray with fungal spores or as a component in integrated pest management (IPM).

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Chromobacterium subtsugae

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Pests Controlled: Whiteflies, Aphids, Psyllids. Method of Application: Foliar application of Chromobacterium subtsugae-based products.

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