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Alternating the type of crops grown in each field to improve soil fertility and reduce pests and diseases.

Planting crops that provide protection and enrichment to the soil when the main crop is not in season.

The process of recycling organic matter, such as leaves and vegetable scraps, into a valuable fertilizer that can enrich the soil.

Applying a layer of material on the surface of the soil to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and improve soil quality.

A sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks.

The practice of turning into the soil green plants that are often grown for this purpose, which enriches the soil with organic matter and nutrients.

The use of living organisms, such as predators, parasites, or pathogens, to control pest populations.

A farming method where the soil is minimally disturbed and a cover of plant residues is left on the soil surface, thereby reducing soil erosion and water loss.

A design system for creating sustainable human habitats by following nature's patterns.

The planting of different crops in proximity for pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial creatures, and to maximize the use of space.

The use of naturally occurring fertilizers such as manure, compost, and bone meal instead of synthetic ones.

A soil conservation practice applied to prevent runoff on steep slopes by shaping the land into a series of level steps.

Land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops, combining agricultural and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, and sustainable land-use systems.

Collecting and storing rainwater from rooftops or other surfaces to use for irrigation or other uses.

Growing or producing food in densely populated urban areas, utilizing different techniques like container gardening, vertical farming, or rooftop gardening.

The practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often using controlled environment agriculture, which optimizes plant growth and soilless farming techniques like hydroponics, aquaponics, and aeroponics.

Growing multiple crop species in the same space at the same time, mimicking the diversity of natural ecosystems.

A layer of living plants used as mulch to provide the same benefits as traditional mulch, such as weed suppression and soil moisture retention.

An agricultural technique that increases the amount of water and organic matter in the soil and decreases erosion by not plowing after harvests.

The use of charred organic matter applied to the soil that can increase soil fertility, raise agricultural productivity, and provide protection against soil diseases.

Planting a crop that attracts pests away from the main crop to protect it.

An agroforestry practice that combines forestry and grazing of domesticated animals in a mutually beneficial way.

A raised-bed garden that is shaped like a keyhole and is designed to maximize space by reducing the need for pathways and allowing easy access to all plants.

A simple method of creating small, orderly, and highly productive kitchen gardens using a grid layout.