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To create channels for molten bronze, wax rods called sprues are attached to the wax model. They will create pathways for the metal to flow and for gases to escape.

An artist creates an original sculpture using a malleable material like clay, wax, or another medium. This model details the exact form and texture of the final cast.

A mold is made from the original model. Silicone rubber or plaster is commonly used to make a negative imprint that will capture the fine details of the sculpture.

Any imperfections in the wax copy are corrected in the wax chasing phase. Artists may use heated metal tools to refine the details and repair seams or other blemishes.

Hot, liquid wax is poured into the mold's cavity. Once cooled, this creates a solid wax copy of the original model which is removed from the mold.

After the bronze has cooled and solidified, the ceramic shell is carefully chipped away. Any remaining parts of the shell are removed through sandblasting.

Molten bronze is poured into the hollow cavity of the ceramic shell. Once cooled, the bronze takes the shape of the original model.

The wax model is dipped into a ceramic slurry, then coated with fine sand and stucco. The process is repeated until a thick shell is formed around the model.

The final touches are made to the bronze sculpture. Metal chasing involves smoothing out imperfections and redefining details. Patination is applied to achieve the desired coloration and surface finish.