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Orbital Maneuvers

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Coelliptic Sequence Initiation

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A series of burns to set two spacecraft on orbits of the same shape, size, and orientation but with different periods for a rendezvous.

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Deorbit Burn

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A retrograde burn (opposite to the direction of flight) to reduce a spacecraft's velocity, causing it to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere.

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Gravity Assist

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A maneuver using the relative movement and gravity of a planet or other celestial body to alter the path and speed of a spacecraft.

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Phasing Maneuver

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Used to adjust the timing of a spacecraft's orbit to synchronize with another object in space.

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Station-Keeping

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Small maneuvers performed periodically to maintain a spacecraft's intended orbit against perturbations.

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Powered Flyby

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When a spacecraft performs a flyby of a celestial body while simultaneously firing its engines to gain additional energy.

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Hohmann Transfer

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A two-impulse maneuver used to transfer between two orbits with common focus; most commonly between a lower circular orbit and a higher circular orbit.

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Bi-elliptic Transfer

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A three-impulse maneuver involving two elliptical orbits to transfer a spacecraft from one orbit to a significantly higher one.

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Orbital Inclination Change

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A maneuver used to change the tilt of an orbit plane relative to the central body's equatorial plane.

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Reboost Maneuver

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A spacecraft performs a burn to counteract orbital decay and raise its orbit, often used for space stations like the ISS.

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Injection Burn

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A maneuver to move a spacecraft from a parking orbit to a transfer orbit, heading towards its final trajectory.

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Rendezvous

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Orbital maneuver to bring two spacecraft together in space, involving synchronization of their orbits.

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Direct Ascent

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Launching a spacecraft directly into its desired orbital path without first entering a lower, temporary orbit, and without using a transfer orbit.

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Plane Change Maneuver

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A change in a spacecraft's orbital plane, typically performed at a node where the initial and desired orbital planes intersect.

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Escape Trajectory

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A maneuver that provides enough velocity to a spacecraft to break free from the gravitational influence of a celestial body.

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