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Passive thermal control relies on the design and choice of materials to maintain acceptable temperatures naturally. It is vital for reducing complexity and power consumption in spacecraft design.

Radiative heat transfer takes advantage of thermal radiation to emit excess heat into space. It is important for dissipating heat without relying on atmospheric convection.

Thermal louvers are adjustable openings that regulate spacecraft temperature by varying radiative exposure. They are important for adaptively managing thermal loads.

Heat pipes transport thermal energy from hot to cooler areas using phase change and capillary action. They are essential for efficient, passive heat distribution in a spacecraft.

Electrical heaters are used to warm spacecraft components, preventing freezing in the cold vacuum of space. They are important for survival of sensitive equipment during low-temperature periods.

Active thermal control uses powered systems, such as heaters or coolers, to manage spacecraft temperatures. It is critical for precise temperature control in varying operational conditions.

Thermal straps are highly conductive links that transfer heat between components or to a heat sink. They are crucial for managing localized heating and sensitive electronics temperature.