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Spacecraft Communication Systems
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Radio Frequency (RF) Communication
Uses electromagnetic waves in the RF spectrum for data transmission. Essential for Earth-spacecraft links and inter-satellite communications.
Optical Communication
Employs lasers to transmit data via light. Provides high data rates with less power and smaller equipment compared to RF.
Deep Space Network (DSN)
A global network of large antennas and communication facilities that support interplanetary spacecraft missions.
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS)
A satellite network providing near-continuous communication links between the ground and low Earth orbit (LEO) spacecraft.
Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT)
A two-way satellite ground station with a dish antenna that is typically less than 3 meters in diameter. Used for remote mission control and data transfer.
X-band Communication
Uses a segment of the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Offers a balance between data rate and beam width, suited for deep-space communication.
S-band Communication
A part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum, used for near-Earth space communications, providing moderate data rates.
Ka-band Communication
Operates in the frequency range of 26.5–40 GHz, offering higher data rates for space communication but with increased susceptibility to weather effects.
Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Communication
Involves frequencies in the range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz. Primarily used for space-to-space and space-to-ground voice, telemetry, and radar.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite Communication
Involves communication with satellites close to Earth (up to 2000 km altitude), which provides lower latency and requires lower signal strength.
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