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Planetary Rovers and Landers

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Sojourner

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Destination planet: Mars | Mission overview: Part of the Mars Pathfinder mission, it was the first rover to land and move on Mars, performing various experiments and analyses of the Martian rocks and soil.

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Opportunity (MER-B)

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Destination planet: Mars | Mission overview: Twin of the Spirit rover, it exceeded its planned 90-sol mission, exploring the Martian surface for 14 years and making important discoveries about water on ancient Mars.

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Phoenix

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Destination planet: Mars | Mission overview: A landing space mission to study the history of water and habitability potential in the Martian arctic's ice-rich soil.

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Lunokhod 1

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Destination planet: Moon | Mission overview: The first of two unmanned lunar rovers landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union as part of the Luna program. It was designed to explore the surface and return photographic data.

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InSight

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Destination planet: Mars | Mission overview: A stationary lander designed to study the interior of Mars, including seismic activity, temperature, and the wobble of the planet on its axis.

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Opportunity (MER-B)

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Destination planet: Moon | Mission overview: Twin of the Spirit rover, it exceeded its planned 90-sol mission, exploring the Martian surface for 14 years and making important discoveries about water on ancient Mars.

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Curiosity

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Destination planet: Mars | Mission overview: Part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission, it's equipped with a full mobile laboratory to assess whether Mars ever had the right environmental conditions to support microbial life.

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Perseverance

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Destination planet: Mars | Mission overview: The most recent NASA rover to land on Mars, tasked with looking for signs of ancient life and collecting samples of Martian rock and regolith for possible return to Earth.

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Viking 2 Lander

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Destination planet: Mars | Mission overview: The twin of Viking 1, this lander also conducted experiments and sent back images from the Martian surface, complementing the scientific discoveries of its sibling.

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Chang'e 4

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Destination planet: Moon | Mission overview: Part of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, this mission consisted of a lander and the Yutu-2 rover. It made the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon.

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Spirit (MER-A)

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Destination planet: Mars | Mission overview: One of two rovers of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission, it was designed for a 90-sol mission to find and study rocks and soils that may hold clues to past water activity on Mars.

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Viking 1 Lander

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Destination planet: Mars | Mission overview: Along with its twin, Viking 2, this was the first U.S. mission to land a spacecraft safely on the surface of Mars and return images of the surface.

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