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Spacecraft Parts and Functions

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Antennas

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Enable communication between spacecraft and Earth, allowing for data transmission and command reception. Essential for mission control.

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Onboard Computer

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Acts as the brain of the spacecraft, controlling systems, processing data, and managing navigation. Imperative for autonomous operations and decision-making.

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Fuel Tanks

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Store propellant needed for the thrusters. A spacecraft's capacity to maneuver and its mission duration are limited by its fuel supply.

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Science Instruments

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Gather data from the spacecraft's target of study, which may include planetary surfaces, atmospheres, and astronomical objects. They are the primary tools for achieving mission objectives.

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Radiators

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Disperse excess heat from the spacecraft to prevent overheating of instruments and systems. Critical for thermal management.

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Reaction Wheels

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Serve to control the orientation or attitude of the spacecraft without using fuel. Fundamental for stabilizing and pointing the spacecraft.

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Solar Panels

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Capture energy from the Sun to provide electrical power for the spacecraft systems. Crucial for long-duration missions to maintain onboard operations.

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Thrusters

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Used for maneuvering the spacecraft and altering its trajectory or orientation. Vital for precise positioning in space and for orbital insertion or departure.

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Landing Gear

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Used for safe touchdown on planetary surfaces or other celestial bodies. Key for missions that require surface exploration or sample return.

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Heat Shield

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Protects the spacecraft against extreme temperatures during atmospheric entry. It is essential for ensuring the survival of the craft and its payload.

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