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Basic Bookkeeping Equations
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Flashcards
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Assets = Liabilities + Equity
; Practical Application: Balancing a company's balance sheet.
Net Income = Revenues - Expenses
; Practical Application: Calculating the profit or loss over a period of time.
Cash Flow = Cash Inflows - Cash Outflows
; Practical Application: Assessing the liquidity of a business.
Owner's Equity = Assets - Liabilities
; Practical Application: Understanding the owner's claim on business assets.
Break-Even Point = Fixed Costs / (Unit Selling Price - Variable Cost per Unit)
; Practical Application: Determining the number of units that must be sold to cover costs.
Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
; Practical Application: Assessing the effectiveness of inventory management.
Return on Investment (ROI) = (Net Profit / Investment) x 100
; Practical Application: Measuring the gain or loss generated on an investment.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities / Shareholders' Equity
; Practical Application: Assessing a company's financial leverage.
Gross Profit Margin = (Gross Profit / Revenue) x 100
; Practical Application: Understanding profitability before operating expenses, interest, and taxes.
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
; Practical Application: Measuring a company's ability to pay off short-term obligations.
Quick Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities
; Practical Application: Measuring a company's ability to meet short-term obligations with its most liquid assets.
Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio = Net Credit Sales / Average Accounts Receivable
; Practical Application: Gauging the efficiency of a company's credit policies.
Return on Equity (ROE) = Net Income / Shareholder's Equity
; Practical Application: Gauging how effectively management is using a company's assets to create profits.
Average Collection Period = (365 Days) / Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio
; Practical Application: Estimating the average number of days it takes to collect receivables.
Gross Margin Ratio = (Net Sales - Cost of Goods Sold) / Net Sales
; Practical Application: Calculating the percentage of sales revenue that exceeds the cost of goods sold.
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