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A manufacturing process where a plastic sheet is heated to a pliable temperature, formed to a specific shape in a mold, and trimmed to create a usable product.

A finishing process that involves rubbing two surfaces together with an abrasive between them, by hand movement or using a machine. This can take two forms: the first type of lapping (traditional lapping) uses a hard lap, while the second (polishing) uses a soft lap.

A process where a saw blade is used to cut through material, typically wood or metal. Different saw types are used, such as band saws, circular saws, and hacksaws.

A threading process that creates screw threads in the inside surface of a hole, creating a female surface which functions like a nut.

Deforming metal into a predetermined shape using localized compressive forces. Materials commonly forged include steel, aluminum, and brass.

A method of removing metal by an electrochemical process. It is normally used for mass production and is used for working extremely hard materials or materials that are difficult to machine using conventional methods.

A manufacturing process, typically conducted on a lathe, where a pattern of straight, angled, or crossed lines are rolled into the material.

Creating hollow parts by placing powder or liquid resin into a mold and then rotating it bi-axially in an oven until it's evenly distributed. Mainly used with plastics.

A process where molten metal is poured into a sand mold to create a metal part. Iron, steel, and aluminum are common materials used in this method.

A non-traditional machining process in which abrasives contained in a slurry are driven at high velocity against the workpiece by a tool oscillating at ultrasonic frequencies.

A machining process that uses a multi-edged tool to enlarge the size of an existing hole in a workpiece to a precise specification. Reaming tools are used primarily to create a high precision finish in the hole.

A finishing process that produces a very smooth surface finish on a workpiece, usually by rubbing it with a slightly harder, smoother, and lubricated tool—a ball or a roller.

A subtractive process that removes material from a workpiece to create the desired shape. Tools include lathes, mills, and drills.

Forcing material through a die to create objects with a fixed cross-sectional profile. Common materials include metals, plastics, and food.

Techniques to quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using 3D computer-aided design (CAD) data. Commonly used materials include plastics and photopolymers.

A machining process that uses a rotating cutter to remove material from the surface of a workpiece. The milling cutter is a rotary cutting tool, often with multiple cutting points.

A process used to create a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing or using a chemical action, leaving a surface with significant specular reflection.

Process of creating objects by adding material layer by layer, usually using polymers, metals, or composites.

A process that cuts through electrically conductive materials by means of an accelerated jet of hot plasma. Appropriate materials include steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass, and copper.

A machining process that uses a toothed tool, called a broach, to remove material. It is particularly useful for machining odd shapes like splines, holes, and keyways.

A machining process that uses an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. It is used to produce fine finishes or make small cuts. Suitable for processing materials such as metals, glass, ceramics, and plastic.

A machining process in which a cutting tool, typically a non-rotary tool bit, describes a helix toolpath by moving more or less linearly while the workpiece rotates.

A cutting process that shears or cuts off unwanted material from a workpiece, typically as a scissor-like action using two blades.

The process of joining materials by causing coalescence, usually metals or thermoplastics, by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material.

A process that subjects a component to high temperature and isostatic gas pressure in a high-pressure containment vessel. Typically used for metals and ceramics.

A process in which a punch and die are used to cut out a piece of material from a larger sheet. The cut-out piece is used as a product or part, rather than the waste material.

Building metal structures by cutting, bending, and assembling processes. It involves sheets of metal, typically steel or aluminum.

Manufacturing parts from powdered metal via pressing and sintering, which fuses the particles together. Often used with metals like steel, titanium, and nickel.

A casting process that uses a wax pattern surrounded by a refractory material. Once the mold is made, the wax is melted away and molten metal is poured in. Suitable materials include bronze, steel, and glass.

An industrial tool capable of cutting a wide variety of materials using a very high-pressure jet of water, or a mixture of water and an abrasive substance.

A machining method primarily used for hard metals or those that would be very difficult to machine with traditional techniques. EDM requires conductive materials for the process.

A cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is usually a rotary cutting tool.

The process of enlarging a drilled hole with a single-point cutting tool. Boring can be conducted on various machines such as milling machines and lathes.

A manufacturing process where a liquid material is poured into a mold and allowed to solidify. Materials used include metals, plastics, and concrete.

Process of injecting molten plastic into a mold to produce parts. Materials typically include thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.

Also known as chemical milling, it uses chemicals to remove material to create a desired shape. Often used for metals and alloys.

A forming process that uses a punch press to force a tool, called a punch, through the workpiece to create a hole via shearing.

A metal casting process that forces molten metal under high pressure into a mold cavity. Typically, non-ferrous metals like zinc, aluminum, and magnesium are used.

A technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for industrial manufacturing applications. Commonly used materials are metals, plastics, wood, and composites.

A process that uses a high-speed stream of abrasive particles carried in a gas or air jet to erode material from the workpiece. Common uses include cutting heat-sensitive, brittle, thin, or hard materials.