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Metal Cutting and Machine Tools

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Lathe

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Cuts, shapes, and drills materials like metal and wood by rotating the workpiece against a cutting tool.

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Turning Operation

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A machining process where a single-point cutting tool removes material from the surface of a rotating workpiece.

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Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)

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Uses electrical sparks to remove material from a conductive workpiece, creating shapes with a metallic electrode.

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Milling Operation

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A machining process where a multi-point cutting tool removes material from the surface of a workpiece.

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Reaming Operation

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Enlarges and finishes a previously formed hole to a precise diameter with a smooth finish.

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Laser Cutting

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Uses a high-powered laser beam to cut or engrave materials based on computer-controlled parameters.

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Boring Operation

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Enlarges an existing hole to a precise diameter using a single-point cutting tool or a boring head on a lathe or milling machine.

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Grinding Machine

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Uses an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool to produce fine finishes or make light cuts on workpieces.

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Milling Machine

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Removes material from a workpiece by advancing rotary cutting tools across it in different directions.

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Shaping Operation

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Uses a single-point cutting tool that moves back and forth across a stationary workpiece, cutting on the forward stroke.

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Gear Hobbing

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A machining process that creates gears, sprockets, and splines utilizing a toothed cutting tool called a hob.

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Knurling Operation

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A decorative and functional finishing process that creates a patterned surface on a workpiece, commonly for improved grip.

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Water Jet Cutting

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Employs a high-pressure jet of water, often with abrasive particles, to cut through various materials.

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Drilling Machine

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Primarily used to drill holes in various materials, typically by rotating a cutting tool into the stationary workpiece.

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Shearing

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A cutting operation mainly used to cut straight lines on sheet metal; includes tools such as shears.

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Drilling Operation

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A basic machining process that creates a round hole in a workpiece using a rotary cutting tool called a drill bit.

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Sawing

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A cutting process that uses a saw blade to remove material from the workpiece by a reciprocating or continuous back-and-forth motion.

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Tapping Operation

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A machining process that creates internal threads within a hole, allowing it to accept a bolt or screw.

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Plasma Cutting

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Involves cutting electrically conductive materials using an accelerated jet of hot plasma.

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Gear Shaping

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Involves cutting gears using a reciprocating pinion-shaped cutter, allowing production of both internal and external gears.

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Broaching Operation

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Uses a toothed tool, called a broach, to remove material in a linear path, often for making unique shapes like keyways or splines.

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Planing Operation

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A machining process that uses relative linear motion between a single-point cutting tool and the workpiece to create flat surfaces.

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Blanking

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A cutting process where a punch and die are used to cut out a piece from sheet metal; the cutout part is the desired product.

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Punching

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This process uses a punch press to force a tool through the workpiece to create a hole via shearing.

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Stamping

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A forming process that uses dies and punch presses to shape or cut metals into desired forms from a sheet metal workpiece.

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Lapping

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A finishing process that involves rubbing a brittle material piece over another surface with an abrasive between them.

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Ultra-Precision Machining

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A manufacturing process which employs cutting tools with tolerances in the nanometer regime to produce parts with extremely tight tolerances.

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Swaging

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A forging process where the dimensions of an item are altered by applying radial forces using a swage.

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Casting

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A manufacturing process where a liquid material is poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and solidifies.

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Sandblasting

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A process in which a medium is accelerated through a blasting nozzle by compressed air to clean or prepare a surface.

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Forging

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A manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces from a hammer or a die.

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Robotic Automation

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Uses robots to automate a machining operation, increasing precision and repeatability while reducing labor.

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Powder Metallurgy

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A process that forms metal parts by heating compacted metal powders below their melting points.

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Centerless Grinding

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A process of grinding cylindrical workpieces without supports, using two wheels and a work blade.

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Extrusion

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A process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile by pushing material through a die of the desired cross-section.

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Thread Milling

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A cutting process used to create internal and external threads on a workpiece using a rotating cutting tool.

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Computer Numerical Control (CNC)

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Refers to the automated control of machining tools by a computer, where software is pre-programmed with the desired part's G-code.

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Welding

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A fabrication process that joins materials, typically metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence.

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Honing Operation

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Used to improve the geometric form and surface texture of the bores of metal components.

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Additive Manufacturing

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Commonly known as 3D printing, it's a process of making three-dimensional solid objects from a digital file by adding materials layer by layer.

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