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Common Minerals
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Mica
Chemical formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2, Hardness: 2-3, Uses: Insulators in electrical equipment, cosmetics, paint filler
Calcite
Chemical formula: CaCO3, Hardness: 3, Uses: Cement production, agricultural soil treatment, pharmaceuticals
Fluorite
Chemical formula: CaF2, Hardness: 4, Uses: Production of hydrofluoric acid, flux in steelmaking, making opalescent glass
Quartz
Chemical formula: SiO2, Hardness: 7, Uses: Glass making, gemstones, electronics
Feldspar
Chemical formula: KAlSi3O8 - NaAlSi3O8 - CaAl2Si2O8, Hardness: 6-6.5, Uses: Ceramics, glass production, as fillers
Gypsum
Chemical formula: CaSO4·2H2O, Hardness: 2, Uses: Plaster, wallboard, soil conditioning
Halite
Chemical formula: NaCl, Hardness: 2-2.5, Uses: Salt for seasoning and preservation, deicing roads
Apatite
Chemical formula: Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH), Hardness: 5, Uses: Fertilizer, biological systems in teeth and bones
Galena
Chemical formula: PbS, Hardness: 2.5-2.75, Uses: Principal ore of lead, source of silver
Talc
Chemical formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2, Hardness: 1, Uses: Baby powder, as a lubricant, in sculpting
Bauxite
Chemical formula: Principally Al(OH)3, Hardness: 1-3, Uses: Principal ore of aluminum
Chalcopyrite
Chemical formula: CuFeS2, Hardness: 3.5-4, Uses: Major ore of copper
Hematite
Chemical formula: Fe2O3, Hardness: 5.5-6.5, Uses: Main ore of iron, pigment, radiation shielding
Sphalerite
Chemical formula: ZnS, Hardness: 3.5-4, Uses: Main ore of zinc, used in galvanizing
Graphite
Chemical formula: C, Hardness: 1-2, Uses: Pencil lead, lubricants, steel making
Garnet
Chemical formula: General formula X3Y2(SiO4)3, Hardness: 6.5-7.5, Uses: Abrasives, gemstones, filtering media
Magnetite
Chemical formula: Fe3O4, Hardness: 5.5-6.5, Uses: One of the main ores of iron, magnetic recordings
Dolomite
Chemical formula: CaMg(CO3)2, Hardness: 3.5-4, Uses: Soil conditioning, building stone, refractories
Pyrite
Chemical formula: FeS2, Hardness: 6-6.5, Uses: Production of sulfur dioxide for paper industry, historical use as a flint for fire-starting
Barite
Chemical formula: BaSO4, Hardness: 3-3.5, Uses: Drilling muds, paint and plastics filler, radiation shielding
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