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Types of Ecosystem Services
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Provisioning Services
These are the products obtained from ecosystems, including food, fresh water, fuel, fibre, genetic resources, and medicines.
Regulating Services
These services include the regulation of ecosystem processes such as climate regulation, disease control, water purification, and pollination.
Cultural Services
The non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreational activities, and aesthetic experiences.
Supporting Services
These services are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services. They include nutrient cycling, soil formation, primary production, and the provision of habitat.
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