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Earth's Spheres
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Hydrosphere
The hydrosphere encompasses all of Earth's water bodies, including oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and ice (glaciers and ice caps). It plays a key role in Earth's climate and supports a wide range of life.
Biosphere
The biosphere is the sphere where life exists, encompassing all ecosystems and living organisms. It interacts with other spheres through processes like photosynthesis and respiration. Examples of components are plants, animals, microorganisms, and humans.
Lithosphere
The lithosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's structure, consisting of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into tectonic plates. Examples of components include continental crust, oceanic crust, and tectonic plates.
Atmosphere
The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding Earth, composed of layers including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. Examples of components are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the ozone layer.
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