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Cost-Benefit Analysis Steps in Environmental Decisions
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Quantifying costs and benefits
Purpose is to assign monetary values to the identified costs and benefits, making them comparable. This informs decisions by facilitating a cost-benefit ratio and net present value calculations.
Incorporating risk and uncertainty
Purpose is to consider the probability of different outcomes occurring and the level of uncertainty surrounding the costs and benefits. This informs decisions by estimating the likelihood and impact of future events.
Performing sensitivity analysis
Purpose is to assess how results might change with variations in the assumptions or inputs. This informs decisions by highlighting which variables have the most influence on the outcome and where there is uncertainty.
Making a recommendation
Purpose is to synthesize all the analysis into a clear recommendation. This informs decisions by providing a conclusion based on the evidence and analysis undertaken in previous steps.
Discounting future costs and benefits
Purpose is to adjust future costs and benefits to their present value, as money has a time value. It informs decisions by accounting for the fact that benefits or costs occurring in the future are not as valuable as the same occurring now.
Comparing the net benefits of alternatives
Purpose is to weigh the net benefits (benefits minus costs) of each alternative against each other. This informs decisions by identifying the alternative with the greatest net benefit to society.
Predicting the outcomes of alternatives
Purpose is to forecast the potential environmental and economic outcomes of different decision paths. It informs decisions by enabling comparison of potential future scenarios.
Considering non-quantifiable factors
Purpose is to acknowledge and discuss impacts that cannot be easily quantified, such as cultural values or biodiversity. This informs decisions by incorporating qualitative aspects into the decision-making process.
Identifying relevant costs and benefits
Purpose is to account for all the economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits associated with the decision. This informs decisions by providing a comprehensive list of impacts to be evaluated.
Defining the scope of the analysis
Purpose is to establish the boundaries of the study, ensuring that the analysis is manageable and relevant. It informs decisions by clarifying what impacts are to be considered and over what time frame.
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