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Ocean Acidification Causes and Effects
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Effect
Lower pH levels in ocean waters.
Cause
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels from human activities.
Cause
Ocean's absorption of CO2 from the atmosphere.
Effect
Formation of carbonic acid in seawater.
Effect
Decreased availability of carbonate ions (CO3--) for marine life.
Effect
Increased difficulty for marine organisms to maintain and build shells.
Cause
Reduction in saturation states of calcium carbonate minerals.
Cause
Eutrophication from agricultural runoff increasing coastal acidification.
Cause
Carbonic acid dissociation which releases hydrogen ions (H+).
Cause
Ocean temperature changes affecting CO2 solubility.
Cause
Acid rain resulting from sulfate and nitrate pollutants.
Effect
Changes in marine ecosystems and biodiversity loss.
Cause
Upwelling of deeper ocean waters that are naturally more acidic.
Effect
Altered growth rates for phytoplankton and other microorganisms.
Effect
Disruption of sensory and behavioral responses in marine species.
Effect
Potential increase in invasive species due to weakened native species.
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