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Environmental Risk Assessment Factors
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Flashcards
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Environmental Equity
Definition: The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to environmental laws, regulations, and policies. Importance: Ensures that risk assessments and management decisions do not disproportionately impact any community.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Definition: Systems that create, manage, analyze, and map all types of data to show the relationship, pattern, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts. Importance: GIS technology is helpful in environmental risk assessment as it enables spatial analysis and visualization of areas at risk.
Hazard Identification
Definition: The process of determining whether exposure to a specific environmental factor could cause adverse health effects. Importance: It sets the foundation for assessing risk and determining the need for action to prevent harm.
Risk Characterization
Definition: The phase of risk assessment that integrates information from hazard identification, dose-response assessment, and exposure assessment to estimate adverse health effects. Importance: It provides a comprehensive picture of the potential risks, guiding decision-makers in policy development.
Dose-Response Assessment
Definition: The characterization of the relationship between the amount of exposure (dose) to a substance and the severity of the outcome (response). Importance: Helps in understanding the potential impacts at different exposure levels and establishing safety guidelines.
Exposure Assessment
Definition: The process of measuring or estimating the intensity, frequency, and duration of human exposures to an environmental agent. Importance: Critical in determining who may be at risk and to what extent, informing mitigation strategies.
Sensitivity Analysis
Definition: The study of how the uncertainty in the output of a model (numerical or otherwise) can be apportioned to different sources of uncertainty in the model input. Importance: Helps identify which variables have the most influence on the outcome and where more precise data could improve the assessment.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Definition: The systematic approach for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of a project or decision. Importance: Informs stakeholders by quantifying economic trade-offs, thereby supporting rational decision-making.
Uncertainty Analysis
Definition: The examination of the lack of sureness about the true extent of risks due to gaps in knowledge or the variability in data. Importance: Allows for a better-informed risk management process by acknowledging and addressing the limits of current knowledge.
Impact Analysis
Definition: The evaluation of the potential consequences that environmental risks might have on humans, ecosystems, and economies. Importance: Provides insight into the breadth and depth of the potential effects, aiding in the management and minimization of risks.
Mitigation Strategies
Definition: Actions or policies designed to reduce the severity, seriousness, or harmfulness of a risk before it occurs. Importance: Proactive implementation can prevent or reduce the negative impacts of environmental risks.
Baseline Risk
Definition: The initial measurement of risk within a system without any interventions. Importance: Acts as a reference point against which the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies can be measured.
Precautionary Principle
Definition: The approach of taking preventive action in the face of uncertainty in order to protect the environment. Importance: Guides policy and regulation in situations where scientific understanding is not yet fully developed.
Probability of Occurrence
Definition: A quantification of the likelihood that a given environmental hazard will occur. Importance: This factor is crucial for prioritizing risks and allocating resources to the most significant hazards.
Vulnerability Analysis
Definition: The process of identifying, quantifying, and interpreting the weaknesses or susceptibilities of a system to environmental risks. Importance: Essential for designing targeted interventions and strengthening resilience to environmental threats.
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