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Major Environmental Agreements
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International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
An international agreement that aims at guaranteeing food security through the conservation, exchange and sustainable use of the world's plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, as well as the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from their use. Established in 2001.
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
International legally binding treaty with three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. Established in 1992.
Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention)
Designed to protect the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic through cooperation between the adjoining countries. Established in 1992.
International Whaling Commission (IWC)
An international body set up by the terms of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling to conserve whale stocks and ensure the orderly development of the whaling industry. Established in 1946.
Aarhus Convention
International convention named after the city of Aarhus, Denmark, that grants the public rights regarding access to information, public participation and access to justice in environmental matters. Established in 1998.
Nagoya Protocol
A supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity that provides a legal framework for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. Established in 2010.
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
An international agreement which aims to ensure the safe handling, transport and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on biological diversity. Established in 2000.
Montreal Protocol
Designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances responsible for ozone depletion. Established in 1987.
Ramsar Convention
International treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. Established in 1971.
Minamata Convention on Mercury
Global treaty to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. Established in 2013.
Kyoto Protocol
International treaty that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that global warming exists and human-made CO2 emissions have caused it. Established in 1997.
Paris Agreement
Agreement within the UNFCCC dealing with greenhouse gases emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance, set to start in the year 2020. Established in 2015.
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Legally binding international agreement detailing the steps that signatories may take to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought. Established in 1994.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
International agreement aimed to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. Established in 1973.
Basel Convention
International treaty that aims to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries (LDCs). Established in 1989.
Stockholm Declaration
A declaration that marked the start of a global awareness of the interconnectivity between development and the environment. It was the outcome of the first United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. Established in 1972.
Stockholm Convention
Global treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Established in 2001.
Antarctic Treaty
An international treaty that ensures that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes, scientific investigation, and bans military activity on the continent. Established in 1959.
Rotterdam Convention
Multilateral treaty to promote shared responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemicals. Established in 1998.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
International environmental treaty to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Established in 1992.
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