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Habitat Fragmentation and Corridors
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Edge Effects
Changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two habitats.
Patch-Matrix Model
A conceptual model used in landscape ecology that describes landscapes as a mosaic of habitat patches, a matrix, and corridors connecting those patches.
Ecological Corridor
A strip of natural habitat that connects isolated populations, allowing for movement and dispersal of organisms, gene flow, and species migration.
Island Biogeography Theory
A theory that explains how species richness is balanced by colonization and extinction rates, influenced by isolation and size of an area.
Core Habitat Areas
Larger and relatively undisturbed habitat areas essential for the survival of certain species, forming the anchors for a conservation network, including corridors.
Riparian Corridors
Habitat corridors that run along rivers and streams, providing critical pathways for species migration and dispersal, particularly in fragmented landscapes.
Genetic Diversity
The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species, corridors can help maintain genetic diversity by allowing interbreeding between isolated populations.
Habitat Patch Size
The dimension of a habitat area which, when reduced, can lead to an increase in edge effects, affecting biodiversity within the patch.
Eco-ducts
Specifically designed bridges that allow animals to cross over highways, combining vegetation and natural substrates to mimic the natural environment.
Resistance Surface
A model that maps out the landscape according to the difficulty for a species to move across it, helping to identify and prioritize corridors.
Landscape Connectivity
The degree to which the landscape facilitates or impedes movement among resource patches.
Conservation Planning
The process of systematically identifying and prioritizing areas for conservation activities, including the establishment of corridors to enhance habitat connectivity.
Permeability of a Landscape
A measure of how easily wildlife can move through a landscape, affected by both natural features and anthropogenic barriers.
Landscape Matrix
The background ecological system in which patches and corridors are embedded, influencing the movements of organisms across the landscape.
Habitat Corridor Functionality
The effectiveness of a corridor to facilitate species movement, based on its structural and landscape context.
Source-Sink Dynamics
A theoretical model where 'source' habitats produce excess individuals who then disperse to 'sink' habitats, where the local reproduction is not sufficient to maintain the population.
Habitat Restoration
The process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded or destroyed, often seen as complementary to the creation of corridors.
Stepping Stones
Small, intervening habitat patches that help distant populations interconnect and facilitate dispersal of species across fragmented landscapes.
Corridor Width
The breadth of a wildlife corridor, significant for its effectiveness in allowing safe passage for species, varies based on the types of species it serves.
Biodiversity Hotspots
Biogeographic regions with significant levels of biodiversity that are under threat from human activities, often targeted for conservation efforts.
Underpass and Overpass Crossings
Man-made structures that allow wildlife to cross human-made barriers safely, such as roads or railways, thus reducing habitat fragmentation.
Habitat Fragmentation
The process by which large and contiguous habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches, often as a result of human activities.
Metapopulation
A group of populations that are separated by space but consist of the same species, and have interactions such as interbreeding or migration.
Corridor Design
The planning and creation of pathways that facilitate animal movements between isolated habitats while considering various ecological and geographical variables.
Functional Connectivity
The degree to which the landscape allows for the movement and flow of ecological processes, which can differ from structural connectivity due to species-specific behaviors.
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