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World Biomes

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Arctic and Antarctic

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Characteristics: Ice-covered, extreme cold, limited vegetation. Climate: Polar with long, dark winters. Typical flora and fauna: Ice algae, penguins, polar bears (Arctic only).

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Temperate Grassland

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Characteristics: Dominated by grasses, few trees, fertile soil. Climate: Continental with cold winters and warm summers. Typical flora and fauna: Prairie grass, bison, prairie dogs.

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Montane Forest

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Characteristics: Located on mountains, varying vegetation zones, cooler temperatures with increasing elevation. Climate: Varies with altitude. Typical flora and fauna: Pines, mountain goats, eagles.

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Desert

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Characteristics: Sparse vegetation, extreme temperatures, low humidity. Climate: Hot or cold with very little precipitation. Typical flora and fauna: Cacti, creosote bush, camels, scorpions.

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Taiga (Boreal Forest)

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Characteristics: Conical-shaped evergreen trees, acidic and nutrient-poor soil. Climate: Long, cold winters and short, mild summers. Typical flora and fauna: Spruce, fir, moose, bears.

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Mangrove Forest

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Characteristics: Trees adapted to salt water, intertidal zones, dense roots. Climate: Tropical and subtropical with high humidity. Typical flora and fauna: Mangrove trees, crabs, waterfowl.

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Tropical Rainforest

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Characteristics: High biodiversity, evergreen trees, dense canopy. Climate: Hot and wet year-round. Typical flora and fauna: Orchids, bromeliads, jaguars, sloths.

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Temperate Rainforest

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Characteristics: Tall evergreen trees, high precipitation, cool temperatures. Climate: High rainfall with cool temperatures year-round. Typical flora and fauna: Douglas fir, banana slug, owls.

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Tundra

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Characteristics: Treeless plains, permafrost, low biodiversity. Climate: Very cold with brief summers. Typical flora and fauna: Lichens, mosses, caribou, arctic foxes.

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Chaparral

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Characteristics: Shrubland with dense, spiny shrubs, fire-adapted vegetation. Climate: Mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Typical flora and fauna: Manzanita, coyotes, quails.

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Freshwater

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Characteristics: Low salt concentration, variable water flow, supports diverse life. Climate: Varies widely. Typical flora and fauna: Algae, water lilies, trout, frogs.

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Wetland

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Characteristics: Saturated soil, standing water, diverse species. Climate: Varies widely. Typical flora and fauna: Cattails, beavers, herons.

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Savanna

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Characteristics: Grasslands with scattered trees, seasonal droughts and fires. Climate: Warm with distinct wet and dry seasons. Typical flora and fauna: Acacia trees, baobabs, elephants, lions.

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Coral Reef

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Characteristics: Biodiverse marine ecosystems, calcium carbonate structures, clear shallow water. Climate: Tropical, warm water. Typical flora and fauna: Corals, clownfish, sea turtles.

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Deciduous Forest

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Characteristics: Broadleaf trees that lose their leaves seasonally, multiple forest layers. Climate: Moderate with four distinct seasons. Typical flora and fauna: Oak, birch, deer, foxes.

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