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An embroidery technique that gathers fabric so that it can stretch. Time Period: Popular in England during the 18th and 19th centuries for cuffs, bodices, and necklines.

A simple embroidery stitch that encircles the edge of fabric, often used for hemming or appliqué. Time Period: A common hand-sewing technique throughout history.

The most basic of stitches, where the needle weaves in and out of the fabric. Time Period: Predates the sewing machine; used throughout history.

A hand-sewing technique to reinforce the cut edges of a buttonhole. Time Period: Known since the 13th century and was essential before the advent of buttonhole machines.

One of the oldest sewing techniques still in use for creating strong, durable seams. Time Period: Since at least the Middle Ages.

A temporary sewing technique used to hold pieces of fabric together. Time Period: Used since the beginning of sewing, through various time periods to today.

A popular form of counted-thread embroidery where X-shaped stitches are used to form a picture. Time Period: Middle Ages, but became popular in the 16th century.

A technique where a heavy or decorative thread is laid on fabric and sewn in place with a thinner thread. Time Period: Middle Ages, but roots trace back to ancient Asia.

A decorative stitch used to finish an unhemmed blanket. Time Period: Traditionally used in tailoring since the edges of wool don't fray easily.