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Fabric Weight Terms

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Thread Count

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Thread count is the number of threads per square inch, both vertically and horizontally, in a woven fabric. High-thread-count sheets (e.g., 200-800) are often marketed as softer and higher quality.

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GSM

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GSM stands for Grams per Square Meter, a measure of the weight of fabric. For example, lightweight fabrics like chiffons may weigh around 30-150 GSM, and denim usually weighs around 400-800 GSM.

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Ounce per square yard (oz/yd²)

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Ounce per square yard is a weight measurement used in some regions like the United States; 1 oz/yd² equals approximately 33.906 GSM. For example, a typical t-shirt may have a weight of 4-6 oz/yd².

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Ply

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Ply refers to the number of single yarns used together in a thread. Fabrics can be single-ply or multi-ply. For example, a 2-ply cashmere sweater is denser and warmer than a single-ply one.

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Lightweight Fabric

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Lightweight fabric refers to materials that typically weigh less than 150 GSM. Examples include linen, voile, and some cottons.

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Denier

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Denier indicates the fiber thickness of individual threads or filaments used in the construction of textile yarn, with a direct correlation to the fabric's durability. Tights and stockings often mention their thickness in deniers, with higher numbers indicating thicker, more opaque, and durable materials.

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Heavyweight Fabric

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Heavyweight fabric refers to materials that weigh over 350 GSM. Examples include upholstery fabric, heavy denim, and canvas.

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Medium Weight Fabric

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Medium weight fabric refers to materials that weigh between 150 to 350 GSM. Common examples include some denims, flannels, and brocades.

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