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The stockinette stitch is knitted by alternating rows of knit stitches and purl stitches. It's characterized by a smooth 'V' pattern on the front, and a bumpy pattern on the back. This technique is commonly used for the body of sweaters, socks, and other garments.

The garter stitch is one of the simplest knitting techniques, made by knitting every row when working flat, or alternating knit and purl rounds when working in the round. It creates a completely reversible, ridged fabric that lays flat and is stretchy, often used for scarves and blankets.

Ribbing is created by alternating knit and purl stitches within the same row, typically in repeat patterns like 1x1 (knit one, purl one) or 2x2 (knit two, purl two). This technique produces a stretchy fabric perfect for edges of garments, such as cuffs, collars, and hems.

Cable knitting involves manipulating groups of stitches to cross over each other, creating a twisted, rope-like pattern. This technique is used to add texture and visual interest to items like sweaters and hats, and requires a special cable needle or stitch holder.

Colorwork in knitting refers to techniques that use two or more colors of yarn to create patterns or images in the fabric. Techniques include intarsia, stranded knitting (Fair Isle), and duplicate stitch. It's often used in sweaters, hats, and mittens for decorative effects.

Intarsia is a colorwork technique used to create blocks of color in knitting. It involves using separate balls of yarn for each color section, and is ideal for large designs that don't repeat across the fabric. This technique is often used for knitting pictorial or geometric designs.

Fair Isle is a traditional knitting technique from the Shetland Islands used to create patterns with multiple colors. It involves carrying yarn not in use across the back of the work, creating a 'stranded' look. Fair Isle is popular in creating warm garments with intricate patterns.

Lace knitting includes a series of increases and decreases to create open, holey fabric patterns. It's often used in delicate items like shawls, doilies, and lightweight garments. Patterns can range from simple eyelets to complex floral and geometric motifs.

Brioche knitting creates a lofty, ribbed fabric with pronounced stitches that appears to be double-layered. It involves a combination of slipped stitches with yarnovers and can be worked in one or multiple colors. This technique is used in accessories and garments for its squishy texture and warmth.

Mosaic knitting is a colorwork technique that uses slip stitches to form patterns with two colors while working only one color in each row. It's a simpler method than stranded or intarsia and is used for creating geometric designs in blankets, scarves, and clothing.

An I-cord is a narrow strip of knitted fabric, created by continuously knitting a small number of stitches and sliding them back to the other end of the needle. It resembles a tube and is commonly used for drawstring, straps, and decorative edging.

Entrelac knitting creates a textured, woven-looking fabric by knitting small, interconnected rectangles or squares. This technique can be complex as it involves picking up stitches and working in short rows. It's commonly used in scarves, bags, and blankets for its unique, tiled appearance.

Short rows are a technique where some rows are worked partially to create shapes or curves in the fabric. This is useful for heel turnings in socks, bust shaping in sweaters, and in some decorative elements. The wrap and turn (W&T) and German short rows are two common methods.

Duplicate stitch, or Swiss darning, is a method of embroidery on knitted fabric that mimics knitting. It's used to add small, detailed designs or to cover up mistakes. This technique is worked by following the path of the knit stitches with a contrasting color of yarn.

Steeking is a technique used to create openings in a garment, such as cardigan fronts or armholes, by cutting the fabric. Knitters work in the round, secure the stitches, and then cut along the predetermined steek lines. This method allows for uninterrupted patterns in colorwork.

The tubular cast-on creates a seamless edge that looks like the knitting wraps around from one side to the other, often used for 1x1 ribbing. It provides a stretchy edge that is professional looking, making it ideal for cuffs and collars.

Provisional cast-on methods start a piece with waste yarn that can be removed later, allowing live stitches to be worked in the opposite direction. This cast-on is perfect for items that need seamless edges on both ends or require grafting such as infinity scarves.

Double knitting creates a two-layer, reversible fabric, which can have different or the same color patterns on each side. This technique involves simultaneously knitting with two strands of yarn and is great for warm accessories and multi-colored projects.

Felted knitting, or fulling, involves knitting a large and loose piece, then washing it in hot water to shrink and mesh the fibers together. The result is a dense, warm, fabric ideal for slippers, bags, and hats.

Twisted stitches are created by knitting or purling through the back loop of a stitch instead of the front loop. This results in a stitch with a tighter twist, which creates a firm and highly textured fabric. It's perfect for adding definition to patterns like ribbing or cables.

Slip stitch knitting involves transferring a stitch from the left needle to the right without working it. This creates a texture or color pattern without knitting every stitch in the row. It is often used in mosaic knitting and for adding visual interest to fabrics.

Toe-up sock construction begins at the toe and works towards the cuff. This allows for a customizable fit, especially in the foot length, and the opportunity to try the sock on as you go. It often involves a short-row or a diagonal toe.

Top-down sock construction starts from the cuff and works down to the toe, typically ending with a grafting technique called the 'Kitchener Stitch' to close the toe seamlessly. The heel is often formed using a heel flap and gusset.

The Magic Loop method allows for circular knitting using a long circular needle, rather than using double-pointed needles. It can be used to knit socks, hats, sleeves, and other small circumferences in the round. This is beneficial for those who prefer a two-needle system.