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The set of lengthwise yarns that are held in tension on a loom or frame.

The transverse threads that are passed over and under the warp threads to create a fabric.

The tightly woven edge of a fabric that prevents it from unraveling or fraying.

The number of single yarns twisted together to make a thread often increasing strength and weight.

A unit of measurement that describes the linear mass density of fibers or yarns, calculated as mass per 9000 meters.

The manner in which a fabric hangs under its own weight.

The maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking.

The ability of a fabric to transport moisture away from the body, through the material, to the outer surface where it can evaporate.

A process where woolen cloth is cleansed and thickened by moisture, heat, and pressure.

A treatment applied to cellulosic fibers to increase luster, strength, and affinity to dye.

Raw fabric that has not yet been bleached, dyed, or processed.

A numerical expression which helps to identify the fineness or coarseness of a yarn; commonly indicated in Ne (number English) for cotton or Nm (number metric) for other fibers.

Fabric created by interlocking loops of yarn using needles, which results in a flexible and elastic textile.

Fabric produced by interlacing warp and weft yarns in a regular pattern, known for little stretch and firm texture.

The formation of small, fuzzy balls on the surface of a fabric due to abrasion.

The raised, fuzzy surface on certain kinds of cloth, such as velvet or flannel.

Grams per square meter; a metric measurement of the weight of a fabric.

The process of applying color to fabric in definite patterns or designs.

Textiles produced by processes other than weaving or knitting, typically bonding or felting fibers together.

A machine for weaving threads into a textile.

Loss of color by a fabric when immersed in water or exposed to perspiration, resulting in color transfer or fading.

Processes applied to fibers, yarns, or fabrics to change their appearance, handling, or performance.

The reduction in size of a fabric or garment after washing and drying.

The resistance of a material to change in any of its color characteristics, to transfer its colorants to adjacent materials, or both.

The smallest visible unit of textile production, which can be spun into yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting, bonding, felting, etc.

A process used to disentangle, clean, and intermix fibers to produce a continuous web or sliver suitable for subsequent processing.

The spiral disposition of the components of a thread which holds the fibers together.

Layer of cotton, wool, or other fiber used for filling quilts or for padding.

A composite material with a layer of fabric bonded to a layer of a different material, such as plastic, for enhanced performance and characteristics.