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Purpose: To determine the maximum force a fabric can withstand before breaking. Description: A sample fabric is stretched at a consistent rate until it breaks. The force at breaking point is recorded.

Purpose: To measure the force required to continue a tear in a fabric after it has been initiated. Description: A pre-cut fabric sample is torn through a specified distance, and the force applied is measured.

Purpose: To assess the strength of a fabric when subject to multi-directional force. Description: A fabric sample is stretched by a rubber diaphragm that inflates until the fabric bursts. The pressure at bursting point is recorded.

Purpose: To determine how well a fabric can withstand surface wear from rubbing. Description: The fabric is subjected to a specific number of cycles of abrasion under controlled conditions, and the degree of wear is assessed.

Purpose: To evaluate the tendency of a fabric to form small, fuzzy balls on the surface. Description: Samples are rubbed against themselves or another fabric, and the amount of pilling is rated on standardized scales.

Purpose: To determine if the color of a fabric will fade or bleed when laundered. Description: Fabric samples are washed under controlled conditions, then dried and compared to original for any color changes.

Purpose: To evaluate how well the color of a fabric resists fading when exposed to light over time. Description: Samples are exposed to artificial light for a set period, and color changes are assessed against standards.

Purpose: To evaluate the way a fabric hangs and conforms to contours. Description: A fabric sample is suspended in a manner that allows it to drape freely, and the drape is evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively.

Purpose: To measure the ability of a fabric to resist wetting and water penetration. Description: Water is applied to the surface of a fabric under controlled conditions, and the fabric's resistance is evaluated.

Purpose: To assess the burning behavior of textiles under controlled conditions. Description: A fabric sample is exposed to a specific flame for a set time, and burning rate or flame spread is measured.

Purpose: To determine the ease with which air passes through a fabric. Description: Air flow is measured through a known area of fabric under a differential pressure.

Purpose: To measure the ability of a fabric to provide insulation against heat flow. Description: A fabric sample is submitted to a temperature differential, and the flow of heat through the fabric is recorded.

Purpose: To evaluate the transport of moisture through a fabric. Description: The test measures how quickly moisture is absorbed, distributed, and evaporated from a fabric.

Purpose: To determine the amount a fabric will shrink or expand after washing and drying. Description: Samples are measured, laundered under standardized conditions, and then remeasured to calculate dimensional changes.

Purpose: To measure the electrical conductivity or resistivity of a textile. Description: An electric current is applied to a fabric, and its resistance to the current is measured.

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments on a fabric. Description: Fabric samples are inoculated with specific microorganisms, and the reduction of microbial growth is measured after a set period.

Purpose: To assess the level of ultraviolet radiation protection provided by a fabric. Description: Fabric samples are exposed to UV light, and the amount of UV radiation that passes through is measured.

Purpose: To measure the mass per unit area of a fabric. Description: Samples are cut into a known dimension, weighed on a precise scale, and the weight is then converted into grams per square meter.

Purpose: To determine the rigidity of a fabric and its resiliency to bending under its own weight. Description: Fabric samples are subjected to a bending force, and the bending length or resistance is measured.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a fabric in resisting oil penetration. Description: A series of oil mixtures of varying surface tension is applied to a fabric to determine the highest number that does not penetrate or wet the fabric.

Purpose: To measure the rate at which a liquid moves through a fabric. Description: A fabric strip is dipped into a liquid, and the distance the liquid travels in a specific time frame is measured.

Purpose: To measure the rate at which heat passes through a material. Description: A guarded hot plate test or a heat flow meter tests the amount of heat that transfers from a warm side to a cool side of a fabric sample.

Purpose: To determine the fineness or coarseness of a yarn, which affects the texture and strength of a fabric. Description: The yarn count is calculated based on the length and weight of the yarn.