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Anatomy Basics

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Tibialis Anterior

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Location: Front of the shin. Function: Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.

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Transversus Abdominis

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Location: Innermost layer of the abdominal muscles. Function: Compresses abdominal contents, provides thoracic and pelvic stability.

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Gluteus Maximus

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Location: Buttock. Function: Extends and laterally rotates the hip, principal extensor of the thigh.

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Sartorius

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Location: Anterior aspect of the thigh. Function: Flexes, abducts, and externally rotates the hip, also flexes the knee.

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Obliquus Externus Abdominis

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Location: Lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen. Function: Compresses abdominal contents, flexes and rotates the vertebral column.

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Rhomboid Major

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Location: Upper back, between the spine and the scapula. Function: Retracts scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity.

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Femur

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Location: Thigh bone. Function: Supports weight of the body, allows leg movement.

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Zygomaticus Major

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Location: Cheek. Function: Draws the mouth upwards and outwards (smiling muscle).

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Vastus Lateralis

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Location: Lateral side of thigh. Function: Extends knee as part of quadriceps group.

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Soleus

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Location: Calf of the leg, underneath the gastrocnemius. Function: Plantar flexes the foot.

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Radius

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Location: Forearm. Function: Allows for supination and pronation of the forearm.

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Quadriceps Femoris

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Location: Front of the thigh. Function: Main extensor of the knee.

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Pes Anserinus

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Location: Medial side of the tibial plateau. Function: Stabilizes the knee, involves three tendons (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus).

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Pronator Teres

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Location: Forearm. Function: Pronates the forearm, assists in elbow flexion.

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Deltoid

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Location: Covers the shoulder. Function: Abducts, flexes, and extends the arm at the shoulder.

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Rectus Femoris

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Location: Front part of the thigh. Function: Extends the knee and flexes the hip.

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Pectoralis Major

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Location: Chest. Function: Flexes, adducts, and rotates the arm medially.

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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

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Location: Forearm. Function: Extends and adducts the wrist.

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Hamstrings

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Location: Back of the thigh. Function: Flex the knee and extend the hip.

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Masseter

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Location: Side of jaw. Function: Elevates the mandible and plays a role in mastication.

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Popliteus

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Location: Back of the knee. Function: Medially rotates the tibia, unlocks the knee from the flexed position.

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Scapula

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Location: Shoulder blade. Function: Provides attachment for several muscles that move the arm.

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Clavicle

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Location: Collarbone. Function: Connects arm to the trunk, provides shoulder stability.

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Iliopsoas

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Location: Deep in the abdomen, stretching to the femur. Function: Primary hip flexor.

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Biceps Brachii

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Location: Front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Function: Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

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Ulna

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Location: Forearm. Function: Stabilizes the forearm, plays a role in elbow joint movement.

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Ribs

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Location: Chest. Function: Protects thoracic cavity, assists in breathing.

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Pronator Quadratus

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Location: Distal forearm. Function: Pronates the forearm.

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Orbicularis Oculi

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Location: Around the eyes. Function: Closes the eyelids, enables blinking and winking.

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Humerus

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Location: Upper arm. Function: Supports movements of arm, elbow, and shoulder.

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Gracilis

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Location: Medial thigh. Function: Adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the leg.

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Supinator

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Location: Forearm. Function: Supinates the forearm.

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Trapezius

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Location: Upper back and neck. Function: Elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula.

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Splenius Capitis

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Location: Back of the neck. Function: Extends, rotates, and laterally flexes the head and neck.

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Frontalis

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Location: Forehead. Function: Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead.

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Serratus Anterior

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Location: Side of the chest under the arm. Function: Protracts and stabilizes scapula, assists in upward rotation.

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Temporalis

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Location: Side of the head. Function: Elevates and retracts the mandible (chewing muscle).

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Pectoralis Minor

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Location: Under the pectoralis major. Function: Moves scapula forward and downward, raises ribs.

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Subscapularis

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Location: Underlying the scapula. Function: Medially rotates the arm, stabilizes the shoulder.

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Semispinalis Capitis

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Location: Deep muscles of the back. Function: Extends and rotates head and neck.

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Adductor Longus

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Location: Inner thigh. Function: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh.

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Levator Scapulae

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Location: Posterior side of the neck. Function: Elevates and adducts the scapula.

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Orbicularis Oris

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Location: Lips. Function: Closes and puckers the lips (kissing muscle).

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Latissimus Dorsi

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Location: Lower back. Function: Extends, adducts, and internally rotates the arm.

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Gastrocnemius

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Location: Calf of the leg. Function: Plantar flexes the foot and flexes the knee.

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Sternum

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Location: Middle of the chest. Function: Protects heart and lungs, connects ribs.

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Erector Spinae

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Location: Back, along the vertebral column. Function: Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column.

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Flexor Carpi Radialis

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Location: Forearm. Function: Flexes and abducts the wrist.

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Infraspinatus

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Location: Posterior shoulder. Function: Externally rotates the arm and stabilizes the shoulder.

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Brachioradialis

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Location: Forearm. Function: Flexes the forearm at the elbow.

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