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Anatomy Basics
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Tibialis Anterior
Location: Front of the shin. Function: Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.
Transversus Abdominis
Location: Innermost layer of the abdominal muscles. Function: Compresses abdominal contents, provides thoracic and pelvic stability.
Gluteus Maximus
Location: Buttock. Function: Extends and laterally rotates the hip, principal extensor of the thigh.
Sartorius
Location: Anterior aspect of the thigh. Function: Flexes, abducts, and externally rotates the hip, also flexes the knee.
Obliquus Externus Abdominis
Location: Lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen. Function: Compresses abdominal contents, flexes and rotates the vertebral column.
Rhomboid Major
Location: Upper back, between the spine and the scapula. Function: Retracts scapula and rotates it to depress glenoid cavity.
Femur
Location: Thigh bone. Function: Supports weight of the body, allows leg movement.
Zygomaticus Major
Location: Cheek. Function: Draws the mouth upwards and outwards (smiling muscle).
Vastus Lateralis
Location: Lateral side of thigh. Function: Extends knee as part of quadriceps group.
Soleus
Location: Calf of the leg, underneath the gastrocnemius. Function: Plantar flexes the foot.
Radius
Location: Forearm. Function: Allows for supination and pronation of the forearm.
Quadriceps Femoris
Location: Front of the thigh. Function: Main extensor of the knee.
Pes Anserinus
Location: Medial side of the tibial plateau. Function: Stabilizes the knee, involves three tendons (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus).
Pronator Teres
Location: Forearm. Function: Pronates the forearm, assists in elbow flexion.
Deltoid
Location: Covers the shoulder. Function: Abducts, flexes, and extends the arm at the shoulder.
Rectus Femoris
Location: Front part of the thigh. Function: Extends the knee and flexes the hip.
Pectoralis Major
Location: Chest. Function: Flexes, adducts, and rotates the arm medially.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Location: Forearm. Function: Extends and adducts the wrist.
Hamstrings
Location: Back of the thigh. Function: Flex the knee and extend the hip.
Masseter
Location: Side of jaw. Function: Elevates the mandible and plays a role in mastication.
Popliteus
Location: Back of the knee. Function: Medially rotates the tibia, unlocks the knee from the flexed position.
Scapula
Location: Shoulder blade. Function: Provides attachment for several muscles that move the arm.
Clavicle
Location: Collarbone. Function: Connects arm to the trunk, provides shoulder stability.
Iliopsoas
Location: Deep in the abdomen, stretching to the femur. Function: Primary hip flexor.
Biceps Brachii
Location: Front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. Function: Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.
Ulna
Location: Forearm. Function: Stabilizes the forearm, plays a role in elbow joint movement.
Ribs
Location: Chest. Function: Protects thoracic cavity, assists in breathing.
Pronator Quadratus
Location: Distal forearm. Function: Pronates the forearm.
Orbicularis Oculi
Location: Around the eyes. Function: Closes the eyelids, enables blinking and winking.
Humerus
Location: Upper arm. Function: Supports movements of arm, elbow, and shoulder.
Gracilis
Location: Medial thigh. Function: Adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the leg.
Supinator
Location: Forearm. Function: Supinates the forearm.
Trapezius
Location: Upper back and neck. Function: Elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula.
Splenius Capitis
Location: Back of the neck. Function: Extends, rotates, and laterally flexes the head and neck.
Frontalis
Location: Forehead. Function: Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead.
Serratus Anterior
Location: Side of the chest under the arm. Function: Protracts and stabilizes scapula, assists in upward rotation.
Temporalis
Location: Side of the head. Function: Elevates and retracts the mandible (chewing muscle).
Pectoralis Minor
Location: Under the pectoralis major. Function: Moves scapula forward and downward, raises ribs.
Subscapularis
Location: Underlying the scapula. Function: Medially rotates the arm, stabilizes the shoulder.
Semispinalis Capitis
Location: Deep muscles of the back. Function: Extends and rotates head and neck.
Adductor Longus
Location: Inner thigh. Function: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh.
Levator Scapulae
Location: Posterior side of the neck. Function: Elevates and adducts the scapula.
Orbicularis Oris
Location: Lips. Function: Closes and puckers the lips (kissing muscle).
Latissimus Dorsi
Location: Lower back. Function: Extends, adducts, and internally rotates the arm.
Gastrocnemius
Location: Calf of the leg. Function: Plantar flexes the foot and flexes the knee.
Sternum
Location: Middle of the chest. Function: Protects heart and lungs, connects ribs.
Erector Spinae
Location: Back, along the vertebral column. Function: Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column.
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Location: Forearm. Function: Flexes and abducts the wrist.
Infraspinatus
Location: Posterior shoulder. Function: Externally rotates the arm and stabilizes the shoulder.
Brachioradialis
Location: Forearm. Function: Flexes the forearm at the elbow.
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