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OT Approaches for Cognitive Rehabilitation
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Attention
Activities like mindfulness meditation, tracking tasks, or computer-based attention exercises.
Memory
Use of mnemonic devices, spaced retrieval practice, or creating memory aids such as to-do lists or calendars.
Social Skills
Role-playing exercises, social stories, or group therapy sessions.
Executive Function
Practicing problem-solving tasks, using checklists for task sequence, or playing strategy-based games.
Sensory Processing
Sensory integration techniques, exposure to various textures/materials, or practicing tasks under different sensory conditions.
Motor Planning
Tasks that require sequencing movement such as obstacle courses, action songs, or Simon Says.
Visual Perception
Activities like hidden object games, matching tasks, or jigsaw puzzles.
Time Management
Teach the use of alarms/reminders, electronic scheduling, or time estimation exercises.
Orientation
Engage in orientation training using environmental cues, practice use of maps, or regular review of personal information.
Gross Motor Skills
Incorporate balance exercises, sports, or dance into therapy sessions.
Fine Motor Skills
Activities that involve hand-eye coordination such as bead threading, writing tasks, or using tools.
Sequencing
Practice daily routines in proper order, use of sequencing cards, or cooking tasks.
Body Scheme
Mirroring exercises, drawing activities involving body parts, or the game 'Twister'.
Problem Solving
Incorporate 'What would you do if...' scenarios, logic puzzles, or practical problem-solving tasks like scheduling.
Decision Making
Use pros and cons lists for decision practice, role-play different outcomes, or use decision-making games.
Praxis
Demonstrate and practice new actions, create obstacle courses, or use action-based video games.
Abstract Thinking
Interpret metaphors or proverbs, solve abstract puzzles, or dissect complex concepts into manageable parts.
Spatial Relations
Activities that involve understanding object positions such as block designs, map reading, or navigating mazes.
Cognitive Flexibility
Switch between different tasks, play games requiring quick shifts in strategy, or participate in brainstorming activities.
Concentration
Tasks that involve sustained attention such as reading comprehension, intricate craft projects, or focused exercises like Tai Chi.
Auditory Processing
Listening exercises with follow-up questions, use of rhythmic activities to enhance auditory sequencing, or sound discrimination tasks.
Tactile Processing
Texture discrimination activities, desensitization to various materials, or sorting objects with eyes closed.
Proprioception
Engage in activities that include resistance exercises, encourage joint compression, or practice tasks with eyes closed.
Categorization
Sorting tasks by attributes, grouping items based on themes, or classifying objects during shopping activities.
Insight and Awareness
Reflect on personal abilities, engage in self-monitoring activities, or discuss feedback received from others.
Emotional Regulation
Teach and practice coping strategies, create emotion diaries, or identify triggers through personal reflection.
Working Memory
Memory training exercises like digit span tasks, card sorting, or using rehearsal strategies.
Safety Awareness
Use environmental evaluations to identify hazards, practice 'Stop, Look, Listen' activities, or create safety plans for different situations.
Judgement
Assessing risk in hypothetical scenarios, discussing potential outcomes of different actions, or considering ethical dilemmas.
Self-Control
Practice relaxation techniques, use thought-stopping strategies, or engage in activities that require waiting turns.
Perseveration
Practice redirecting activities, learn stopping cues, or use compensatory strategies to shift focus.
Arousal Regulation
Relaxation exercises, sensory modulation techniques, or engagement in physical activities to modulate arousal levels.
Initiation and Persistence
Establish and use visual schedules, set goals with clear first steps, or implement reward systems for task initiation/completion.
Visual Attention
Eye tracking exercises, search and find activities, or highlight important text while reading.
Processing Speed
Timed tasks, rapid naming exercises, or computer-based cognitive training programs.
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