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Neurological Disorders Overview

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Prader-Willi Syndrome

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Symptoms: Constant hunger, poor muscle tone, developmental delays. OT Treatment: Weight management strategies, development of gross and fine motor skills, behavior management.

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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

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Symptoms: Numbness, tingling in the hand, weakness in the thumb's pincher muscles. OT Treatment: Wrist splinting, nerve gliding exercises, ergonomics training.

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Cerebral Palsy

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Symptoms: Spasticity, motor developmental delays, involuntary movements. OT Treatment: Neurodevelopmental therapy, assistive technology, splinting.

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Tourette Syndrome

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Symptoms: Motor tics, vocal tics, premonitory urge. OT Treatment: Habit-reversal training, creation of supportive environments, education on tic management.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

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Symptoms: Obsessive thoughts, compulsive behaviors, significant anxiety. OT Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral strategies, habit-reversal training, stress management.

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

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Symptoms: Muscle weakness and atrophy in extremities, sensory loss, foot deformities. OT Treatment: Strength training, assistive devices for mobility, fine motor skill exercises.

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Myasthenia Gravis

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Symptoms: Muscle weakness that improves with rest, ptosis, difficulty swallowing. OT Treatment: Energy conservation, task simplification, use of adaptive equipment.

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Epilepsy

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Symptoms: Recurrent seizures, brief episodes of unusual behavior, periods of staring or unresponsiveness. OT Treatment: Seizure first aid education, activity modification, cognitive retraining post-seizure.

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Williams Syndrome

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Symptoms: friendly personality, developmental delay, cardiovascular disease. OT Treatment: Social skills development, fine and gross motor skills enhancement, daily living skills training.

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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Symptoms: Progressive muscle weakness, Gowers' sign, cardiomyopathy. OT Treatment: Range-of-motion exercises, adaptive equipment, positioning strategies.

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Parkinson's Disease

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Symptoms: Tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity. OT Treatment: LSVT BIG program, fine motor exercises, fall prevention strategies.

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Spinal Cord Injury

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Symptoms: Paralysis, loss of sensation, autonomic dysreflexia. OT Treatment: Wheelchair training, adaptive techniques for ADLs, pressure sore prevention.

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

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Symptoms: Progressive muscle weakness, dysarthria, dysphagia. OT Treatment: Adaptive equipment for ADLs, energy conservation techniques, communication devices.

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Friedreich's Ataxia

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Symptoms: Difficulty walking, loss of sensation in the arms and legs, speech problems. OT Treatment: Coordination and balance exercises, assistive devices for mobility, modifications for fine motor tasks.

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Bell's Palsy

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Symptoms: Sudden onset of facial paralysis, drooping of the mouth, inability to close eyelid. OT Treatment: Facial strengthening exercises, education on facial symmetry during activities, eye care management.

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Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

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Symptoms: Uncomfortable sensations in the legs, urge to move the legs, symptoms worsen at night. OT Treatment: Lifestyle modification, implementation of bedtime routines, relaxation techniques.

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

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Symptoms: Muscle weakness, visual disturbances, paresthesia. OT Treatment: Energy conservation techniques, adaptive equipment training, cognitive training.

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Guillain-Barré Syndrome

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Symptoms: Rapidly evolving weakness, areflexia, sensory changes. OT Treatment: Muscle strengthening, mobility training, fatigue management.

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Post-Polio Syndrome

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Symptoms: New muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle atrophy. OT Treatment: Energy conservation strategies, exercise programs, adaptation of activities.

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Narcolepsy

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Symptoms: Excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis. OT Treatment: Sleep hygiene education, scheduling of regular short naps, assistance with routine establishment.

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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

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Symptoms: Confusion, amnesia, personality changes. OT Treatment: Cognitive rehabilitation, sensory integration techniques, environmental modification.

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Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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Symptoms: Social communication challenges, repetitive behaviors, sensory processing differences. OT Treatment: Sensory integration therapy, social skills training, routine and environmental structure.

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Alzheimer's Disease

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Symptoms: Memory loss, disorientation, mood swings. OT Treatment: Environmental modifications, life story work, sensory stimulation.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Symptoms: Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity. OT Treatment: Behavior modification strategies, organizational skills training, sensory regulation techniques.

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Down Syndrome

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Symptoms: Intellectual disability, characteristic facial features, hypotonia. OT Treatment: Developmental milestones support, fine and gross motor skill development, adaptive skills training.

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Rett Syndrome

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Symptoms: Loss of purposeful hand movements, unusual hand movements, slowed growth. OT Treatment: Adaptive skill development, communication enhancement, hand function improvement.

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Stroke

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Symptoms: Hemiplegia, aphasia, visual field deficits. OT Treatment: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) retraining, visual-perceptual training.

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Huntington's Disease

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Symptoms: Involuntary movements (chorea), cognitive decline, psychiatric symptoms. OT Treatment: Activity adaptation, cognitive exercises, behavior management.

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Dystonia

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Symptoms: Involuntary muscle contractions, abnormal postures, repetitive movements. OT Treatment: Movement retraining, relaxation techniques, use of adaptive equipment.

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Motor Neuron Disease

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Symptoms: Progressive weakness, muscle wasting, fasciculations. OT Treatment: Mobility aids, communication devices as needed, adaptive strategies for ADLs.

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Klinefelter Syndrome

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Symptoms: Tall stature, learning disabilities, delayed puberty. OT Treatment: Social skills training, therapeutic interventions for motor delays, assistance with organizational skills.

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Cerebellar Ataxia

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Symptoms: Uncoordinated movements, difficulty with speech, nystagmus. OT Treatment: Coordination training, adaptive strategies for ADLs, balance retraining.

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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

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Symptoms: Memory loss, confusion, mood swings, and eventually progressive dementia. OT Treatment: Cognitive therapies, behavior management strategies, supportive interventions for family and caregivers.

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Phantom Limb Syndrome

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Symptoms: Painful sensations in a limb that has been amputated, sensation of the limb still present, sometimes itchy or tingly sensations. OT Treatment: Mirror therapy, desensitization techniques, coping strategies.

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Angelman Syndrome

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Symptoms: Severe developmental delays, speech impairment, ataxia. OT Treatment: Communication development strategies, environmental adaptations for safety, sensory integration therapy.

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