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Date: July 21, 1861 Significance: First major battle of the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory that bolstered Southern confidence.

Date: April 6-7, 1862 Significance: One of the bloodiest battles in the Civil War, resulting in a Union victory that gave them control of the Mississippi Valley.

Date: May 18 - July 4, 1863 Significance: Union victory that gave them control of the Mississippi River, effectively splitting the Confederacy in two.

Date: July 1-3, 1863 Significance: Turning point in the Civil War, ending Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North and resulting in a Union victory.

Date: September 17, 1862 Significance: Bloodiest single-day battle in American history, leading to a strategic Union victory that allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Date: April 30 - May 6, 1863 Significance: Confederate victory, considered General Robert E. Lee's greatest tactical victory, but at a high cost, including the loss of General Stonewall Jackson.

Date: August 29-30, 1862 Significance: Second Confederate victory at the same site, which helped solidify Robert E. Lee's reputation and led Union General John Pope to be relieved of command.

Date: April 12-14, 1861 Significance: Opening battle of the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory and initiating a call for Union troops.

Date: December 11-15, 1862 Significance: A significant Confederate victory with considerable Union casualties, which led to criticism of Union General Ambrose E. Burnside.

Date: September 19-20, 1863 Significance: A major Confederate victory, which resulted in the highest number of casualties in any battle in the western theater of the war.

Date: May 5-7, 1864 Significance: It marked the beginning of the Overland Campaign and was inconclusive, but it resulted in heavy casualties for both sides.

Date: December 31, 1862 - January 2, 1863 Significance: Union victory that boosted Northern morale and helped secure the state of Tennessee for the Union.

Date: May 8-21, 1864 Significance: Part of the Overland Campaign, known for brutal, bloody combat and the infamous 'Bloody Angle'. The battle was inconclusive.

Date: June 1864 - March 1865 Significance: A prolonged siege that eventually led to the capture of Richmond and the end of the Civil War, with significant trench warfare.

Date: July 22, 1864 Significance: A Union victory by General William T. Sherman that was key in his March to the Sea and devastated the infrastructure of the South.

Date: February 11-16, 1862 Significance: Union victory that opened up the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers as Union military arteries and led to Ulysses S. Grant's nickname 'Unconditional Surrender' Grant.

Date: March 7-8, 1862 Significance: Union victory in the Western Theater that ensured Union control of Missouri and blunted Confederate momentum in the region.

Date: May 31 - June 12, 1864 Significance: One of the last victories for the Confederacy, it's noted for its high number of casualties, particularly for the Union, and General Grant's regret for the assault.

Date: November 30, 1864 Significance: A catastrophic defeat for the Confederacy with devastating casualties to the Confederate Army led by General John Bell Hood.

Date: December 1864 - January 1865 Significance: The capture of the fort by Union forces closed off the last major seaport of the Confederacy, in Wilmington, North Carolina.

Date: April 9, 1865 Significance: Marked the final engagement of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's army before his surrender to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the Civil War.

Date: October 8, 1862 Significance: The largest battle fought in the state of Kentucky, it resulted in a tactical Confederate victory but strategic Union control of Kentucky.

Date: October 19, 1864 Significance: A Union victory that helped secure President Abraham Lincoln's re-election and thwarted Confederate attempts to force a Union withdrawal from the Shenandoah Valley.

Date: September 1, 1862 Significance: Fought during a thunderstorm, it was inconclusive in nature but resulted in the death of Union Major General Philip Kearny and contributed to the Union retreat from the Second Battle of Bull Run.

Date: May 15, 1864 Significance: A Confederate victory in the Shenandoah Valley, noted for the charge of the VMI Cadet Corps.

Date: June 27, 1864 Significance: The battle was an unsuccessful frontal assault by Union forces against Confederate positions, resulting in high Union casualties but continued the Atlanta Campaign.

Date: March 26-28, 1862 Significance: Known as the 'Gettysburg of the West', this battle halted Confederate expansion into the western territory.

Date: August 2-23, 1864 Significance: A decisive Union naval victory that resulted in the closing of a crucial Confederate port and solidified Union control of the Gulf of Mexico.

Date: September 14, 1862 Significance: A series of battles that served as a prelude to the Battle of Antietam, causing Robert E. Lee to stand and fight in Maryland rather than retreat.