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American History by Decades: 1940s
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Pearl Harbor Attack
Surprise military strike by the Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii territory, leading the United States to enter World War II. Date: December 7, 1941
Manhattan Project
A research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. Leaders included J. Robert Oppenheimer and General Leslie Groves. Year: Started in 1942
D-Day (Normandy Landings)
During World War II, the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord on June 6, 1944, marked the start of a long and costly campaign to liberate northwest Europe from Nazi occupation.
The Yalta Conference
A meeting of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt early in February 1945 as World War II was winding down. They discussed the reorganization of post-war Europe.
Rosie the Riveter
Cultural icon representing the American women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies. Year: Icon emerged around 1942
Executive Order 9066
Issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, authorizing the forced relocation and internment of Japanese Americans amid war fears following the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The GI Bill
Officially called the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, it provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans including low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans, financial support for higher education, and cash payments for tuition and living expenses.
Bretton Woods Conference
Held in July 1944, it established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the major industrial states. It led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (Known formally as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, or IBRD).
United Nations Established
The United Nations was established after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to prevent another such conflict. The UN Charter was signed on June 26, 1945, by 50 countries.
Jackie Robinson
Broke Major League Baseball's color barrier by becoming the first African American to play in the major leagues in the modern era. Robinson debuted with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947.
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