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Civil Rights Movement Events
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Little Rock Nine
September 1957; Integration of nine African American students into Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas, testing Brown v. Board of Education.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
August 6, 1965; Legislation that aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels preventing African Americans from exercising their right to vote.
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
April 11, 1968; Also known as the Fair Housing Act, it provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin.
Sit-in Movement
Starting February 1, 1960; Student-led sit-ins at segregated lunch counters began with four students in Greensboro, North Carolina.
Birmingham Campaign
April 1963; A strategic movement orchestrated by the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama.
24th Amendment
January 23, 1964; Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that prohibited the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of poll taxes.
Freedom Summer
June 1964; A volunteer campaign to register African American voters in Mississippi.
Freedom Schools
Summer 1964; Part of the Freedom Summer project, these were temporary, alternative free schools for African Americans in the Southern United States.
Kerner Commission
February 29, 1968; The report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders which aimed to identify the causes of the 1967 race riots in the United States and provide recommendations for the future.
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
April 20, 1971; Supreme Court decision that dealt with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools.
Freedom Rides
May 4, 1961; Integrated bus trips through the American South to challenge segregation on interstate buses and terminals.
Chicago Freedom Movement
July 1966; Campaign led by Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to address the issue of housing discrimination in Chicago.
Civil Rights Address by John F. Kennedy
June 11, 1963; Televised speech by President Kennedy in which he proposed the civil rights legislation that would become the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Orangeburg Massacre
February 8, 1968; South Carolina Highway Patrol officers opened fire on a crowd of Black students protesting segregation at a bowling alley.
Selma to Montgomery Marches
March 1965; Series of three protest marches demanding the right to vote for African Americans in the South.
Loving v. Virginia
June 12, 1967; U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down state laws banning interracial marriage.
St. Augustine Movement
June 1964; Civil rights demonstrations in St. Augustine, Florida, led by Robert Hayling and then by Martin Luther King Jr., that became a pivotal part of the larger civil rights movement.
Albany Movement
November 1961; A coalition formed in Albany, Georgia to desegregate the city and end all forms of racial discrimination.
James Meredith and the Ole Miss Riot
September 30, 1962; Violence erupted after the enrollment of James Meredith, the first African American student at the University of Mississippi.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
December 5, 1955 - December 20, 1956; launched the civil rights movement and was pivotal to ending racial segregation on public buses.
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
1964; Political party created as an alternative to the Mississippi Democratic Party, which at the time allowed only white participation.
Brown v. Board of Education
May 17, 1954; Supreme Court ruling declaring segregated public schools unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
August 28, 1963; Rally where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his 'I Have a Dream' speech, advocating for civil and economic rights.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
July 2, 1964; Landmark legislation that outlawed segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination.
Greensboro Four
February 1, 1960; Four Black college students sat at a whites-only Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, sparking sit-ins nationwide.
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