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Civil Rights Movement Events

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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December 5, 1955 - December 20, 1956; launched the civil rights movement and was pivotal to ending racial segregation on public buses.

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Brown v. Board of Education

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May 17, 1954; Supreme Court ruling declaring segregated public schools unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

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Little Rock Nine

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September 1957; Integration of nine African American students into Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas, testing Brown v. Board of Education.

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Sit-in Movement

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Starting February 1, 1960; Student-led sit-ins at segregated lunch counters began with four students in Greensboro, North Carolina.

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Freedom Rides

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May 4, 1961; Integrated bus trips through the American South to challenge segregation on interstate buses and terminals.

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March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

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August 28, 1963; Rally where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his 'I Have a Dream' speech, advocating for civil and economic rights.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

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July 2, 1964; Landmark legislation that outlawed segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

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August 6, 1965; Legislation that aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels preventing African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

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Selma to Montgomery Marches

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March 1965; Series of three protest marches demanding the right to vote for African Americans in the South.

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Birmingham Campaign

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April 1963; A strategic movement orchestrated by the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Freedom Summer

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June 1964; A volunteer campaign to register African American voters in Mississippi.

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Loving v. Virginia

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June 12, 1967; U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down state laws banning interracial marriage.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1968

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April 11, 1968; Also known as the Fair Housing Act, it provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin.

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24th Amendment

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January 23, 1964; Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that prohibited the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of poll taxes.

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St. Augustine Movement

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June 1964; Civil rights demonstrations in St. Augustine, Florida, led by Robert Hayling and then by Martin Luther King Jr., that became a pivotal part of the larger civil rights movement.

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Greensboro Four

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February 1, 1960; Four Black college students sat at a whites-only Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, sparking sit-ins nationwide.

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Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

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April 20, 1971; Supreme Court decision that dealt with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools.

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Chicago Freedom Movement

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July 1966; Campaign led by Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to address the issue of housing discrimination in Chicago.

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Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

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1964; Political party created as an alternative to the Mississippi Democratic Party, which at the time allowed only white participation.

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Civil Rights Address by John F. Kennedy

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June 11, 1963; Televised speech by President Kennedy in which he proposed the civil rights legislation that would become the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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Albany Movement

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November 1961; A coalition formed in Albany, Georgia to desegregate the city and end all forms of racial discrimination.

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Orangeburg Massacre

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February 8, 1968; South Carolina Highway Patrol officers opened fire on a crowd of Black students protesting segregation at a bowling alley.

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Kerner Commission

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February 29, 1968; The report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders which aimed to identify the causes of the 1967 race riots in the United States and provide recommendations for the future.

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Freedom Schools

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Summer 1964; Part of the Freedom Summer project, these were temporary, alternative free schools for African Americans in the Southern United States.

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James Meredith and the Ole Miss Riot

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September 30, 1962; Violence erupted after the enrollment of James Meredith, the first African American student at the University of Mississippi.

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