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American History by Decades: 1930s

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The Great Depression

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A severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States after the stock market crash of October 29, 1929.

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The Dust Bowl

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A period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American prairies during the 1930s; the phenomenon was caused by severe drought and failure to apply dryland farming methods.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

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32nd President of the United States, serving from 1933 to 1945; he implemented the New Deal to fight the Great Depression and led the country during World War II.

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The New Deal

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A series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States from 1933 to 1939.

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Prohibition Repeal (21st Amendment)

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The 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1933, repealing the 18th Amendment and ending the nationwide prohibition on alcohol.

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Social Security Act of 1935

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An act to provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the states to make more adequate provision for aged persons, blind persons, dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment compensation laws; and for other purposes.

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The Hoover Dam

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A concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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Huey Long

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A populist Democrat and Senator from Louisiana, he was an outspoken critic of the wealthy and an advocate for the poor and underprivileged. Promoted the 'Share Our Wealth' program during the early 1930s and was assassinated in 1935.

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The First Neutrality Act

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Passed in 1935, it imposed a general embargo on trading in arms and war materials with all parties in a war. It also declared that American citizens travelling on warring ships traveled at their own risk.

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The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)

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Enacted in 1935, this act established the National Labor Relations Board and addressed relations between unions and employers in the private sector. It granted workers the rights to form unions and engage in collective bargaining.

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