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Milestones in American Labor History
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The National Labor Union (NLU) Founding
Year: 1866, Impact: First national labor federation in the U.S., aimed to unify workers to press for labor reforms.
Great Railroad Strike
Year: 1877, Impact: First major interstate strike, led to widespread recognition of workers' grievances and the need for labor reform.
Haymarket Affair
Year: 1886, Impact: A peaceful rally turned violent, led to a national and international emphasis on workers' rights and May Day as International Workers' Day.
Homestead Strike
Year: 1892, Impact: A pivotal steelworkers' strike that led to a significant decline in unionization in the steel industry for years.
Pullman Strike
Year: 1894, Impact: Nationwide railroad strike that seriously disrupted rail traffic and led to the establishment of Labor Day as a national holiday.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Year: 1911, Impact: Led to a greater public awareness of industrial working conditions and resulted in significant workplace safety reforms.
The National War Labor Board (NWLB) Creation
Year: 1918, Impact: Resolved labor disputes and maintained labor peace during World War I, laying the groundwork for later labor regulations.
The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)
Year: 1935, Impact: Strengthened the power of labor unions and workers, ensuring the right to collective bargaining.
The Fair Labor Standards Act
Year: 1938, Impact: Established a national minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor laws, significantly improving labor standards.
Taft-Hartley Act
Year: 1947, Impact: Amended the Wagner Act, imposed certain restrictions on labor unions and protected the rights of individual union members.
The Landrum-Griffin Act
Year: 1959, Impact: Aimed to eliminate corruption in labor unions and to regulate internal union affairs, further protecting worker rights and union democracy.
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Year: 1970, Impact: Established workplace safety standards and regulations, leading to significant improvements in worker health and safety.
Coal Strike of 1978
Year: 1978, Impact: The successful strike led by the United Mine Workers of America improved wages, pensions, and healthcare benefits for miners.
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
Year: 1993, Impact: Requires covered employers to provide unpaid, job-protected leave for certain family and medical reasons, enhancing labor rights related to work-life balance.
Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA)
Year: Proposed in 2009, Impact: Sought to make it easier for workers to join labor unions and bargain collectively, though it was not enacted.
Fight for
Year: Began in 2012, Impact: An ongoing advocacy campaign seeking to raise the minimum wage to
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
Year: 2010, Impact: Introduced financial regulations that, among other things, aimed to prevent excessive risk-taking by banks which indirectly impact labor by promoting economic stability.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
Year: 2009, Impact: Aimed to stimulate the economy during the Great Recession and saved and created jobs, indirectly affecting labor rights by preserving employment.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Year: 2010, Impact: Improved access to health insurance for American workers, affecting labor rights by providing health care security.
Executive Order 13658
Year: 2014, Impact: Raised the minimum wage to
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