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African Kingdoms
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Kingdom of Kush
Located in Nubia, near the Nile River. Prosperous from c. 1070 BCE to 350 CE.
Kingdom of Aksum
Located in what is now Ethiopia and Eritrea. Prosperous from the 1st to the 7th centuries CE.
Mali Empire
Located in West Africa. Reached its peak of prosperity in the 14th century under Mansa Musa.
Kingdom of Ghana
Located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and western Mali. Prosperous from the 6th to the 13th century.
Songhai Empire
Located around the bend of the Niger River. Dominant from the 15th to the 16th centuries.
Great Zimbabwe
Located in southeastern Africa. Flourished from the 11th to the 15th centuries.
Kingdom of Benin
Located in what is now southern Nigeria. Prosperous from the 11th to the 19th centuries.
Kingdom of Kongo
Located in the western area of Central Africa. Prosperous from the 14th to the 17th centuries.
Ethiopian Empire
Located in modern-day Ethiopia. Rose to prominence in the early 4th century and lasted until the mid-20th century.
Ptolemaic Kingdom
Located in ancient Egypt. Prosperous from 305 to 30 BC.
Kingdom of Mutapa
Located in present-day Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Peaked in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Sultanate of Mogadishu
Located in modern-day Somalia. Thrived in the 10th to 16th centuries.
Kingdom of Ife
Located in present-day Nigeria. Rose to power between the 11th and 15th centuries.
Carthaginian Empire
Located in the western Mediterranean. It peaked from 575 to 146 BC.
Monomotapa Empire
Located in modern-day Zimbabwe and Mozambique. It prospered in the 15th and 16th centuries.
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