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First and, to date, only female Prime Minister of India, known for her political ruthlessness and unprecedented centralisation of power; 1917 - 1984.

Catholic nun and missionary who dedicated her life to caring for the sick and poor; 1910 - 1997.

Archaic Greek poet from the island of Lesbos, renowned for her lyric poetry; 630–570 BC.

American aviation pioneer and author, first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean; 1897 - disappeared in 1937.

Last Queen of France before the French Revolution; known for her extravagant lifestyle and eventual execution; 1755 - 1793.

Mexican artist known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico; 1907 - 1954.

American abolitionist and political activist who was born into slavery but escaped and then helped others gain their freedom via the Underground Railroad; 1822 - 1913.

French writer, intellectual, existentialist philosopher, political activist, feminist, and social theorist; considered a significant figure in feminist existentialism; 1908 - 1986.

French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions, who led French forces during the Hundred Years' War; 1412 - 1431.

American civil rights activist known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott; 1913 - 2005.

American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement; 1820 - 1906.

American astronaut, physicist, and the first American woman in space; 1951 - 2012.

American former World No. 1 professional tennis player, known for advocating for gender equality and social justice; 1943 - present.

Physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and the only person to win in two different sciences; 1867 - 1934.

First Lady of the United States, diplomat, and activist who advocated for human rights, women's issues, and children's causes; 1884 - 1962.

Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, known for her relationships with Roman rulers Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, and her tragic suicide; 69 BC - 30 BC.

British stateswoman who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the longest-serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century; 1925 - 2013.

British political activist and leader of the British suffragette movement who helped women win the right to vote; 1858 - 1928.

Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate; 1997 - present.

The second historically-confirmed female pharaoh of ancient Egypt, notable for her prosperous reign and extensive building projects; 1508–1458 BC.

Founder of modern nursing, known for her work during the Crimean War and her subsequent efforts to reform healthcare; 1820 - 1910.

English chemist whose work on X-ray diffraction was crucial in the discovery of the DNA double helix structure; 1920 - 1958.

English mathematician and writer, chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine; 1815 - 1852.

Self-taught scholar, philosopher, poet, and nun in New Spain (Mexico), known for her defense of women's education; 1648 - 1695.