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Significant Natural Disasters
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Krakatoa Eruption
Date: August 26–27, 1883 Location: Krakatoa, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) Impact: Over 36,000 deaths, Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6
Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Date: November 8, 2013 Location: Philippines Impact: At least 6,300 deaths, Category 5 super typhoon
Beirut Explosion
Date: August 4, 2020 Location: Beirut, Lebanon Impact: At least 218 deaths, 7,000 injured, caused by the detonation of approximately 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate
Haiti Earthquake
Date: January 12, 2010 Location: Near Port-au-Prince, Haiti Impact: Estimated 100,000–316,000 deaths, magnitude: 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale
Tangshan Earthquake
Date: July 28, 1976 Location: Tangshan, Hebei, China Impact: Estimated 242,000–655,000 deaths, magnitude: 7.6 on the Richter scale
Mount St. Helens Eruption
Date: May 18, 1980 Location: Skamania County, Washington, USA Impact: 57 deaths, VEI of 5
Indian Ocean Tsunami
Date: December 26, 2004 Location: Indian Ocean, affecting 14 countries including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand Impact: Over 230,000 deaths, magnitude: 9.1–9.3 (on the moment magnitude scale)
Japan Tsunami and Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
Date: March 11, 2011 Location: Tōhoku region, Japan Impact: Around 15,900 deaths, magnitude: 9.0–9.1 (on the moment magnitude scale)
Hurricane Harvey
Date: August 17–September 3, 2017 Location: Texas, Louisiana, USA Impact: 68 direct deaths, damages estimated at
Fort McMurray Wildfire
Date: May 2016 Location: Alberta, Canada Impact: Displacement of approximately 88,000 people, and damages estimated around C
1906 San Francisco Earthquake
Date: April 18, 1906 Location: San Francisco, California, USA Impact: Around 3,000 deaths, magnitude: Estimated 7.8 (on the moment magnitude scale)
Great Sichuan Earthquake
Date: May 12, 2008 Location: Sichuan province, China Impact: Over 87,000 deaths, magnitude: 7.9 on the moment magnitude scale
Central Mexico Earthquake
Date: September 19, 2017 Location: Puebla state, Mexico Impact: 370 deaths, magnitude: 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale
Camp Fire
Date: November 2018 Location: Butte County, California, USA Impact: At least 85 deaths, approximately 18,804 structures destroyed
Australian Bushfires (Black Summer)
Date: September 2019–March 2020 Location: Multiple states, Australia Impact: At least 33 deaths, over 17 million hectares burned
Great Galveston Hurricane
Date: September 8, 1900 Location: Galveston, Texas, USA Impact: Estimated 6,000–12,000 deaths, magnitude: Category 4 hurricane
Black Saturday Bushfires
Date: February 7, 2009 Location: Victoria, Australia Impact: 173 deaths, millions of acres burned
Tri-State Tornado
Date: March 18, 1925 Location: Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, USA Impact: 695 deaths, estimated F5 on the Fujita scale
Bangladesh Cyclone
Date: November 12, 1970 Location: East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) Impact: Estimated 300,000–500,000 deaths, magnitude: Category 3 cyclone
Nepal Earthquake
Date: April 25, 2015 Location: Central Nepal, including Kathmandu Impact: Nearly 9,000 deaths, magnitude: 7.8 on the moment magnitude scale
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