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First Black President of South Africa, helped end apartheid, and won the Nobel Peace Prize.

Cuban communist revolutionary who overthrew the dictator Batista, served as Prime Minister and later President of Cuba, and was a key figure in the Cold War.

36th President of the United States, signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and escalated the Vietnam War.

French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance against the English and to have Charles VII crowned as King.

Leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule, employed nonviolent civil disobedience, and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.

Unified various independent German states into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership, and was the first Chancellor of Germany.

Empress of Russia who expanded the Russian empire, improved administration, and vigorously pursued the policy of Westernization.

16th President of the United States, led the country through its civil war, and passed the Emancipation Proclamation freeing slaves.

The only female emperor in the history of China, she expanded the Chinese empire, enhanced its prosperity and encouraged the spread of Buddhism.

A prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator, and general during the Golden Age of Athens, especially the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars.

Sponsored the voyage of Christopher Columbus leading to the discovery of the Americas, completed the Reconquista, and initiated the Spanish Inquisition.

Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia during a time of great change in Europe, modernized his empire economically and militarily.

The last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, engaged in alliances with Roman leaders, and was known for her intelligence and beauty.

Chinese communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People's Republic of China, initiated the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution.

Founded the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death, and revolutionized nomadic lifestyle and warfare.

The second-longest reigning British monarch, oversaw a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was Empress of India.

Military and political leader who played a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire.

Led Britain through World War II, famous for his speeches, and was instrumental in the establishment of the United Nations.

Created one of the largest empires of the ancient world by the age of 30, spread Greek culture, and never lost a battle.

First female Prime Minister of the UK, known for her free market policies known as Thatcherism, and her role in the Cold War.

First President of Tanzania, advocated for Ujamaa - a form of African socialism, and led his country to independence from Britain.

The 122nd emperor of Japan, his reign marked the end of the Tokugawa shogunate and the beginning of Japan's modernization through the Meiji Restoration.

Tsar of Russia who carried out a policy of modernization and expansion, and established Saint Petersburg as the new capital of Russia.

Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

Known as the Sun King, he established the absolute monarchy in France and built the Palace of Versailles.

The last monarch of the Tudor dynasty, known for the Elizabethan era which is famous for the flourishing of English drama and the seafaring prowess of English adventurers.

Founder of the Achaemenid Empire, he created the largest empire the world had yet seen, and respected the customs and religions of the lands he conquered.

First Sultan of Egypt and Syria, founded the Ayyubid dynasty, and famous for his leadership during the Crusades.