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The first major land battle of the armies in Virginia, which resulted in a Confederate victory and dispelled the illusion the war would be short.

The President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War.

A 47-day siege (May 18 – July 4, 1863) that ended with the surrender of the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, to Ulysses S. Grant.

An informal deal that settled the 1876 U.S. presidential election, resulted in the federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and marked the end of Reconstruction.

The period after the Civil War during which the Southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union (1865-1877).

The site of General Robert E. Lee's surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the Civil War.

An international diplomatic incident that occurred during the Civil War when the US Navy unlawfully captured two Confederate diplomats from a British ship.

The first engagement between ironclad ships during the Civil War, at the Battle of Hampton Roads (March 8-9, 1862), reshaping naval warfare.

A Union general who was known for his cautious tactics and his conflicted relationship with President Lincoln.

Commanding General of the Union Army who later became the 18th President of the United States.

An abolitionist and poet best known for writing 'The Battle Hymn of the Republic', which became a popular Union marching song.

A speech by President Abraham Lincoln at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery (November 19, 1863) that reaffirmed the purpose of the war.

A series of battles around Petersburg, Virginia, from June 1864 to March 1865 that led to the eventual fall of Richmond, the Confederate capital.

The 17th U.S. President was impeached by the House of Representatives but acquitted by the Senate in 1868.

Commander of the Confederate States Army, known for his tactical brilliance.

President Abraham Lincoln's blueprint for Reconstruction which offered leniency and rapid reintegration for Southern states.

The American actor who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre on April 14, 1865.

A pivotal battle from July 1 to July 3, 1863, that resulted in a significant defeat for the Confederacy.

A faction of northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.

An 1863 battle in Virginia where the Confederates achieved a significant victory despite being heavily outnumbered.

Legislation that authorized the president of the United States to suspend the writ of habeas corpus during the Civil War.

An executive order by President Abraham Lincoln (effective January 1, 1863) that freed slaves in Confederate-held territory.

An act passed by the US Congress that allowed for the drafting of citizens into the army, leading to widespread dissent and the Draft Riots.

A Union regiment consisting of white officers and African American soldiers who fought in the Civil War.

The Union's strategic plan to blockade the Southern coast and control the Mississippi River, effectively 'squeezing' the Confederacy.

The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, established in 1865, to aid freed slaves during the Reconstruction era.

The opening confrontation of the Civil War that led to a Confederate victory and the war's initiation.

The Battle of Antietam, on September 17, 1862, was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history.

Violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight.

A military campaign from November to December 1864 during which Union troops led by General Sherman marched from Atlanta to Savannah, destroying infrastructure.

An early battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, fought on April 6-7, 1862, with a Union victory.

An 1862 battle in Virginia which resulted in one of the most one-sided defeats of the Union Army during the Civil War.

Ratified on December 6, 1865, this amendment abolished slavery in the United States.

A major battle fought on July 22, 1864, that was part of the Atlanta Campaign and ended in a Union victory.

Fought from September 19 to September 20, 1863, this battle was a significant Confederate victory in the Western Theater of the Civil War.

A law that granted 160 acres of public land to any U.S. citizen, intending to encourage Western migration and development.

A Union Army general known for his 'March to the Sea' and belief in 'total war'.

A faction within the Republican Party during the Civil War and Reconstruction who advocated for the abolition of slavery and harsh punishments for the Southern states.